Plastid transformation in higher plants has been established in tobacco using particle bombardment, and the protocol has been used as a model in other plant species; however, as target materials, tobacco leaves may be partially exposed to unexpected abiotic stresses-drought stress during post-bombardment culture and damage due to cutting before selection culture. Plastid transformation e ciency may be increased by modi cation of leaf treatment to lessen such damage. In the modi ed protocol, tobacco leaves were cut into pieces (5×5 mm) and placed on the culture medium plate (approximately y pieces per plate) for one day before bombardment. A er bombardment, these pieces were transferred onto the non-selection medium and cultured for three days; they were then transferred onto spectinomycin selection culture medium. A transformation vector containing an aminoglycoside 3′-adenylyltransferase gene and a green uorescence protein gene were used for plastid transformation. Approximately four independent plastid transformants per bombarded plate were obtained on average using the modi ed protocol; the transformation e ciency was 1.6 times higher than that in a control experiment using the standard protocol. Modi ed leaf treatment improved the e ciency and stability of plastid transformation. is nding should aid plastid transformant production in tobacco and other plant species.