Stable-Carbon-Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Hydrothermal Vent Mussels Containing Methanotrophic and Thiotrophic Bacterial Endosymbionts

Pond, David W.; Bell, Michael V.; Dixon, David R.; Fallick, Anthony E.; Segonzac, Michel; Sargent, J. R.

doi:10.1128/aem.64.1.370-375.1998

Cited by 107 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The similarity to the n-7 monoenes in sulfuroxidizing bacteria, as well as the significant presence of 18:1n-7 and 20:1n-7 in the C. phaseoliformis lipids, led to the conclusion that this clam may be dependent on the above types of bacterial lipids. As for biosynthesis of the n-4 family PUFA in vent animal lipids, two reports consistently support our results: Fang et al (1993) observed a medium level of 18:3n-7,10,13 and a trace level of 22:3n-7,11,15 with high levels of monoenes and NMID in an unknown species of cold-seep mussels, and Pond et al (2002) found a small level of 18:3n-7 with significant levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the vent worm Ridgea piscesae.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Saito

Osako

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neutral and polar lipids of the cold-seep clam Calyptogena phaseoliformis were determined to assess the trophic relationship at hydrothermal vents. The clam obtained many of its lipids from the chemosynthetic microorganisms within the bacteriocytes on its gill filaments. The major fatty acids in the triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the clam consisted only of the n-4 family polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) plus saturated and n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids and were completely lacking n-3 PUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and icosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). Such unique fatty acid composition markedly differs from those reported for other marine animals, which depend on organic matter derived from surface-layer phytoplankton. The relationship between C. phaseoliformis and its symbiotic bacteria is documented and revealed a closed novel food chain, independent of the photosynthetic food chain. The fluidity of the fatty acids in the animal's membrane are maintained by adaptation of the exogenous n-4 family PUFA. These unusual but dominant fatty acids are assimilated from the symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria, which use only geothermal energy and minerals from the cold-seep vents.All marine animals contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which originate from both phytoplankton and any symbiotic microorganisms depending on solar energy (Ackman 1989). In particular, marine animals contain high levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid ([DHA] 22:6n-3) and icosapentaenoic acid ([EPA] 20:5n-3), in their depot and tissue lipids (Ackman 1989;Tocher 2003). Similarly, n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), are generally important for terrestrial animals. Either n-3 or n-6 PUFA usually dominate in marine or terrestrial animals, in particular in their cell membrane phospholipids.In the deep sea, all nutritional constituents are provided by the fall of organic matter from the surface (the detrital food chain) and vertical migrations of zooplankton and micronekton (the grazing food chain) (Raymont 1983). Not only do all marine animals in the upper water layers gain nutrition through the marine grazing food chain, but also benthic animals involved in the detrital food chain on or near the ocean bottom in some communities are indirectly supported by surface phytoplankton (Ackman 1989).The deep-sea Vesicomyidae clams of the genus Calyptogena, which have degenerate alimentary canals and house symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria within the bacteriocytes on their gill filaments, have been observed on many coldseep sites of the bathyal to hadal zones (Sibuet and Olu 1998). The cold-seep bivalves, including Vesicomyids, thrive in cold seawater (2-5uC) in the deep sea and are conspicuous and abundant members of the deep-sea biological communities supported by sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria (Felbeck et al. 1981;Rau 1981). They assimilate the products and energy from these endosymbionts and completely depend on the chemosynthetic symbionts and t...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…On the contrary, Pond et al (1998) suggested that a Bathymodiolus sp. might not require n-3 PUFA as the essential fatty acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Saito

Osako

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of S-oxidizing bacteria biomarkers (C16:1x7; C18:1x7; and C20:11x7) and NMID derived from FAs (e.g. C18:3x7,10,13; C20:3x7,10,15; C20:2x7,15) and the absence of HUFA are consistent with the results of Pond et al (1998) and with other studies on animals hosting S-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria or feeding on them (Conway & McDowell Capuzzo 1991;Zhukova 1991;Zhukova et al 1992;Fullarton et al 1995;Pranal et al 1997). The presence of PLFA from SRB in mussels proves that they continue to be filter feeders.…”

Section: Shrimps Rimicaris Exoculatasupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Despite the fact that the mussels host S-oxidizing and methanotrophic bacteria (Fiala-Médioni et al 2002), no methanotrophic biomarker was observed in the mussel PLFA profiles. This result contradicts Pond et al (1998), in which these biomarkers were found in mussels from Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen. Type I methanotroph biomarkers (C16:1x6; and C18:1x6) were observed in other species but in smaller amounts.…”

Section: Shrimps Rimicaris Exoculatacontrasting

confidence: 70%

Polar lipid fatty acids as indicators of trophic associations in a deep‐sea vent system community

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The polar lipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of invertebrates living in chemosynthetic communities can indicate the degree to which these animals depend on specific types of bacteria. To identify the nutritional sources of various species from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, a Principal Component Analysis was performed using individual PLFA profiles as descriptors. Two associations representing different feeding groups were identified: (i) mussels, commensal polychaetes and gastropods, (ii) shrimps and crabs. The first association relies more on sulphide‐oxidizing bacteria, while the second one has more anaerobic sulphate‐reducing bacteria biomarkers. Other small invertebrates reveal different diets. The polychaete Amathys lutzi shows the most diversified bacterial diet, with fatty acid biomarkers from both S‐oxidizing and S‐reducing bacteria.

show abstract

“…If mussels rely primarily on sedimentary detritus, their carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions should approach those of detritusfeeding deep-sea invertebrates collected from nonvent environments (␦ 13 C ϭ Ϫ17‰, ␦ 15 N Ͼ 11‰; Van Dover and Fry 1989). The isotopic composition of organic carbon fixed by methanogenic symbionts from Lucky Strike is expected to be in the range of Ϫ20 to Ϫ28‰ (Pond et al 1998). The published value for bulk tissues collected from mussels at the Statue of Liberty site at Lucky Strike was Ϫ24‰ (Van Dover et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site‐specific and ontogenetic variations in nutrition of mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, Mid‐ Atlantic Ridge

Trask

Dover

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lucky Strike mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) support two metabolically distinct (methanotrophic and thiotrophic) prokaryotic endosymbionts in their gills. Differences in source inorganic carbon isotope ratios and in carbon fixation pathways between these two symbionts typically result in organic carbon with distinctive δ13C values. Site‐specific differences in isotopic compositions of host mussels may therefore reflect differences in sulfide and methane availability. Large differences in mean carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions were observed in adult mussels collected from two chemically distinct vents at Lucky Strike (Sintra: d13C 5 221.3‰, δ15N 5 –4.5‰; Eiffel Tower: δ13C = –30.7‰, δ15N = –10.5‰). These values are consistent with the hypothesis that Sintra mussels are more dependent on methanotrophy than are Eiffel Tower mussels. Relative abundances of the two types of endosymbionts in mussel gill tissues (Sintra: mean = 15% methanotrophs; Eiffel Tower: mean = 6% methanotrophs) provide further support of this hypothesis, suggesting that Lucky Strike mussels express a nutritional response to environmental variations. Within sites, there were small but significant correlations between isotopic composition and mussel size over the shell lengths of 15–80 mm, but these shifts are so small that they are attributable to factors other than ontogenetic shifts in nutritional strategy. In contrast, large nitrogen isotope differences were observed between larval and adult stages. Based on δ15N values, mussel larvae appear to rely very little on photosynthetically derived organic material. Observations of the demersal nature of mussel larvae and isotopic similarities between Sintra and Eiffel Tower larvae and Sintra adults suggest that the potential of stable isotopes as useful tracers of larval sources within the Lucky Strike vent field should be considered.

show abstract

Stable-Carbon-Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Hydrothermal Vent Mussels Containing Methanotrophic and Thiotrophic Bacterial Endosymbionts

Cited by 107 publications

References 36 publications

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Polar lipid fatty acids as indicators of trophic associations in a deep‐sea vent system community

Site‐specific and ontogenetic variations in nutrition of mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, Mid‐ Atlantic Ridge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About