Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Noncovalently Functionalized Graphene from Graphite and their Multifunctional High-Performance Applications

An, Xiaohong; Simmons, Trevor J.; Shah, Rakesh; Wolfe, Christopher; Lewis, Kim; Washington, Morris; Nayak, Saroj K.; Talapatra, Saikat; Kar, Swastik

doi:10.1021/nl903557p

Cited by 450 publications

(367 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The presence of surfactant hydrophilic groups renders them soluble in water in a similar manner with graphene oxide but without unduly perturbing the unique properties of graphene [137].…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Mohamed

Ardyani

Bakar

et al. 2016

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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Graphene is the newest member of the carbon family, and has revolutionized materials science especially in the field of polymer nanocomposites. However, agglomeration and uniform dispersion remains an Achilles" heel (even an elephant in the room), hampering the optimization of this material for practical applications. Chemical functionalization of graphene can overcome these hurdles but is often rather disruptive to the extended piconjugation, altering the desired physical and electronic properties. Employing surfactants as stabilizing agents in latex technology circumvents the need for chemical modification allowing for the formation of nanocomposites with retained graphene properties. This article reviews the recent progress in the use of surfactants and polymers to prepare graphene/polymer nanocomposites via latex technology. Of special interest here are surfactant structure-performance relationships, as well as background on the roles surfactantgraphene interactions for promoting stabilization.

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“…The presence of surfactant hydrophilic groups renders them soluble in water in a similar manner with graphene oxide but without unduly perturbing the unique properties of graphene [137].…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Mohamed

Ardyani

Bakar

et al. 2016

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Similarly, for 15 nm×10 microns graphene nanoribbons, ~10 11 GNRs can be produced per hour. Hummer's acid exfoliation and pyrene carboxylic acid-based Π-intercalation exfoliation 30 were also conducted successfully. It is also important to note that the exfoliation of graphite involves sheet shearing during exfoliation, which leads to tearing; however, GNBs have smaller lateral dimensions leading to lower shear and thus less tearing.…”

Section: Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotomy-based production of transferable and dispersible graphene nanostructures of controlled shape and size

et al. 2012

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Because of the edge states and quantum confinement, the shape and size of graphene nanostructures dictate their electrical, optical, magnetic and chemical properties. The current synthesis methods for graphene nanostructures do not produce large quantities of graphene nanostructures that are easily transferable to different substrates/solvents, do not produce graphene nanostructures of different and controlled shapes, or do not allow control of Gn dimensions over a wide range (up to 100 nm). Here we report the production of graphene nanostructures with predetermined shapes (square, rectangle, triangle and ribbon) and controlled dimensions. This is achieved by diamond-edge-induced nanotomy (nanoscalecutting) of graphite into graphite nanoblocks, which are then exfoliated. our results show that the edges of the produced graphene nanostructures are straight and relatively smooth with an I D /I G of 0.22-0.28 and roughness < 1 nm. Further, thin films of Gn-ribbons exhibit a bandgap evolution with width reduction (0, 10 and ~35 meV for 50, 25 and 15 nm, respectively).

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“…[4][5][6] However, attachment of foreign molecules onto G sheets may cause an adverse impact on the applications. As an alternative, graphene oxide (GO) has an excellent water dispersibility and has been used as a substitute for G in many applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. A) Digital photograph of 1) AOG aqueous dispersion at 100 mg mL À1 after storing at room temperature for six months and 2-6) aqueous dispersions at 50 mg mL À1 of GO (2), G (3), and AOG in phosphate buffer saline (4), AOG at pH 3 (5), and AOG at pH 11 (6). B) C1s XPS spectra of AOG, G, and GO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mildly Oxidized Graphene: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as a Matrix in MALDI Mass Spectrometry

Liu

Cheng

Jiang

2013

Chemistry A European J

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Graphene (G) is a new allotropic member of carbon with a unique two-dimensional and one-atom-thick sheet structure. It has attracted tremendous research interest in both academic and industrial areas due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. [1][2][3] However, a serious problem in synthesis and application of G is aggregation. Due to the strong hydrophobic nature of G, G sheets have a strong tendency to aggregate to G clusters or even restack to graphite particles through van der Waals interactions. The resulting G agglomerates are very hard and insoluble in water or organic solvents, making further processing difficult. Since most of the exceptional properties of G can only be achieved with individual sheets, prevention of aggregation of G sheets is of particular importance for its applications.Aggregation of G can be reduced by using stabilizers. [4][5][6] However, attachment of foreign molecules onto G sheets may cause an adverse impact on the applications. As an alternative, graphene oxide (GO) has an excellent water dispersibility and has been used as a substitute for G in many applications. [3] GO is usually obtained by exfoliation of graphite oxide, [7][8] which can be synthesized from graphite. [9] However, the heavy oxidation during the synthesis can severely damage the large delocalized p-electron system of G and cause many imperfections and defects in the GO sheets. Thus, the unique electronic and optical absorption properties of G are seriously compromised in GO. Li et al. [10] reported the preparation of a processable aqueous dispersion of chemically converted G from GO; however, the obtained G dispersion was only stable under basic conditions and the reductant was difficult to remove from the dispersion. Therefore, facile and scalable methods for the synthesis of low-defect, well-dispersed, and clean G sheets are still urgently desired. Inspired by GO, we hypothesized that controlling the oxidation degree of G may provide a feasible approach for this purpose. However, although significant efforts have been made on developing synthetic strategies of G, little attention has been paid to controlling the oxidation degree of G. [11][12] Herein, we report a very simple method for the synthesis of mildly oxidized graphene by oxidizing chemically converted G with diluted nitric acid (2 m; Scheme 1A). We aimed to find a facile approach to prevent the aggregation of G sheets while maintaining the G structure as intact as possible. To distinguish from GO, the produced material is called acid-oxidized graphene (AOG). The AOG showed good dispersibility in water (up to 1 mg mL À1 ). Meanwhile, unlike GO (Scheme 1B), the main framework of G was not disrupted, and thus most of the exceptional properties of G can be maintained. Therefore, the AOG combines the advantages of G and GO while avoiding their disadvantages. Furthermore, the AOG contains no stabilizer molecules and can be highly pure, which is very favorable for its applications.We found that the AOG aqueous dispersion was rather stable. Eve...

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Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Noncovalently Functionalized Graphene from Graphite and their Multifunctional High-Performance Applications

Cited by 450 publications

References 34 publications

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Nanotomy-based production of transferable and dispersible graphene nanostructures of controlled shape and size

Mildly Oxidized Graphene: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as a Matrix in MALDI Mass Spectrometry

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