Stable and improved visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using copper(ii)–organic frameworks: engineering the crystal structures

Abstract

Different crystal structures of copper–organic frameworks were constructed and served as broad-spectrum photocatalysts in the absence of any added cocatalyst and photosensitizer.

A Polypyridyl‐Based Layered Complex as Dual‐Functional Co‐catalyst for Photo‐Driven Organic Dyes Degradation and Water Splitting

“…Notably, the photocatalytic activity of 1′ is comparable with the reported metal‐organic framework {[Cu I Cu II 2 (DCTP) 2 ]NO 3 · 1.5DMF} n (32 μmol · g –1 · h –1 ) [DCTP = 4′‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine] and lower than the other Cu II ‐based CPs [Cu(RSH)(H 2 O)] n (7.88 mmol · g –1 · h –1 ) (RSH = RhB derivatives), [Cu(DSPTP)] n (1.40 mmol · g –1 · h –1 ) [DSPTP = 4′‐(2,4‐disulfophenyl)‐3,2′:6′,3′′‐terpyridine], [Cu(HL) 2 (NH 2 ‐BDC)] n (2.34 mmol · g –1 · h –1 ) (NH 2 ‐BDC = 2‐amino‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate), and [Cu(HL) 2 (BDC)] n (1.06 mmol · g –1 · h –1 ) [HL = 4′‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine and BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate] . The varied catalytic activities of these photocatalysts are significantly dominated by the vacant site of the active central Cu I/II atom, the bandgap with the redox potential, the skeleton of π‐conjugated terpyridyl ligands or RhB derivatives as well as the collaboration between organic ligands and central Cu I/II atoms.…”

“…The highly catalytic efficiency and long‐term durability of these photocatalysts have been becoming the key scientific issues in the photocatalytic field, which play vital roles for the feasible applications of clean and sustainable hydrogen energy. Very recently, several Cu I/II ‐based CPs incorporated with terpyridyl and RhB derivatives have exhibited considerable hydrogen production rates ranging from 32 μmol · g –1 · h –1 to 7.88 mmol · g –1 · h –1 . In these CP‐based photocatalysts, the central Cu I/II atoms serve importantly as active sites and π‐delocalized backbone of the ligands can essentially broaden the light absorption and facilitate the charge transfer from catalyst to water molecule.…”

In Situ Construction of Globe‐like Carbon Nitride as a Self‐Cocatalyst Modified Tree‐like Carbon Nitride for Drastic Improvement in Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

“…The reaction was stopped every 4 h. As shown in Figure a, the photocatalytic H 2 evolution was maintained for seven repeated runs without adding a sacrificial agent in the photocatalytic experimental period, which indicated good stability and recycling performance by CN (G/T). Furthermore, analysis of the XRD patterns and FTIR spectra of CN (G/T) after this experiment (Figure S20) also indicated its good stability …”

“…Furthermore, analysiso ft he XRD patterns and FTIR spectra of CN (G/T) after this experiment ( Figure S20) also indicatedi ts good stability. [36] The transfer,m igration, andr ecombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs were investigated by following the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum in detail. [37] The shapes of the emission spectra of CN (B), CN (G/S), and CN (G/ T) were observed to be similar,a nd each contained ab road emission band centered at aw avelength of approximately 450 nm (Figure 4b).…”

Strategies for Improving the Performance and Application of MOFs Photocatalysts

“…[88][89][90] Because of their large surface area, it is beneficial to the adsorption of reactants, facilitating catalytic reactions. MOFs as photocatalysts also show great prospects in various applications, such as hydrogen evolution, [91][92][93][94][95][96] pollutants degradation, [97][98][99][100] CO 2 reduction, [101][102][103][104][105] and organic conversion. [106][107][108] So far, there are reviews on MOFs photocatalysts, [109][110][111][112][113][114] focusing on the role of MOFs in photocatalysis, which is defined as a photocatalyst or cocatalyst.…”