“…There is an extensive study of quantum error-correcting codes, see for example the papers [ 3 , 4 , 11 , 12 , 31 , 33 , 52 ] for the binary case and [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 14 , 21 , 24 , 27 , 32 , 35 , 40 , 41 , 47 , 51 ] for the general case. Many of the known quantum error-correcting codes are stabilizer codes.…”