Stabilizer-free Vitamin E Nanovehicle for Biological Research

Abstract

IntroductionThe natural vitamin E (VE) compounds tocopherol (Toc) and tocotrienol (Tocotri) share common structures with a chromanol head and a phytyl tail. Both compounds interfere with one or more propagation steps of the lipid peroxidation process, which is crucial in therapies of oxidation-induced diseases 1−9) , and therefore the intake from the diet is greatly recommended. However, as natural VE is a lipidsoluble antioxidant, it is lowly soluble in water. To overcome the low affinity in water media, VE is loaded into liposomes or vesicles or solubilized or dispersed by a surfactant. These methodologies based on molecular assembly science have greatly advanced the construction of vitamin E loaded nanoarchitectures for medicinal application 1, 5−8, 10−16) .Meanwhile, VEs in well-established molecular biology research are typically used without stabilizer for the initial assessment, because stabilizers may affect the cell media. A few organic solvents, such as ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) , are permissible as VE additives. VEs are first dissolved in the organic solvent and the VE vehicle consisting of the VE and organic solvent is added as a solu

α-Tocopherol: New Perspectives and Challenges for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Target

“…On the other hand, it is reported that the surfactant-free Toc nanoemulsion with fluid Toc phase exhibited the comparable antioxidant performance to that of Trolox and the corresponding Toc in micelle phases in terms of ABTS radical scavenging performance (Fig. 6b) 77) . Both the diffusion of radical species in the Toc phase and the functional Toc-water interfaces were considered to own the excellent radical scavenging performance.…”

Aqueous Sugar-Based Amphiphile Systems: Recent Advances in Phase Behavior and Nanoarchitectonics

“…Notably, Toc readily exhibits high dispersibility in the absence of CDs or surface-active species such as surfactants and exhibited excellent ABTS radical scavenging effects, even in the dispersion state comparable to watersoluble Trolox and 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC) 69) . Furthermore, the study on the basic thermal behavior of pure ascorbic acid 6-palmitate (ASP) , a representative lipophilic vitamin C derivative, confirmed the formation of the intermediated state consisting of Cr and LC phases after cooling of the LC state obtained by heating only above T m .…”