Stabilized Images on the Retina

Pritchard, R. M.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0661-72

Cited by 179 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The reversals observed in the present study seem remarkably similar to those obtained under conditions of binocular rivalry (Wolfe, 1986) or the reversal of figures when single designs present perceptual alternatives (Riani et al, 1986). Pritchard (1961) observed that similar perceptual alternatives occurred during time periods when images on the retina were stabilized. In the case of monocularly presented stimuli in the present study, it seems likely that the reversal of perceptual alternatives is related to the operation of figure-ground processes in the visual system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…On the other hand, recognition-by-components (RBC) theorists have argued for the automatic recognition of so-called "geons," or visual geometric units processed independently and later reassembled (Biederman, 1987). Others have emphasized the necessity of combining the above theories in a complementary fashion in order to explain visual phenomena such as stabilized images on the retina (Pritchard, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

Brown

Thurmond

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our findings indicate that preattentive processes, such as the filling in of homogeneously colored areas, discrete dots, or bars across the blind spot, take into account both the color and the form that stimulate the retina around the optic disk. Perceptual completion of the "junction" of two opposite colors facing each other on opposite sides of the blind spot was resolved by simultaneous segregation of the two colors at the location of a filled-in perpendicular line that suggested a boundary separating the two colors. Orientation preference and relative salience of one color versus the other determined which color was perceptually completed in a forced-choice situation that involved perceptual completion at the intersection of a cross formed by bars of opposite colors. A I-min exposure to these stimuli presented an ambiguous situation for perceptual completion of either color within the blind spot, and resulted in a perceptual "flip-flop" from one color to the other, much like the phenomenon that occurs in figure reversal. Instructions to speed up this reversal process led to a fivefold reduction in latency to first reversal.The organic machinery that hums continuously below the threshold of visual consciousness seems to process optical input in a way that rapidly reduces the complexity of the world around us. These unconscious processes give us a final, comprehensive representation (at least an analogy) of the external world. Several theoretical positions currently bear on our understanding of how this is achieved.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

Brown

Thurmond

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An image that is artificially fixed on the retina (every time the eye moves, the target immediately moves precisely the same amount) will appear to fade from view after a few seconds (Pritchard, 1961). The large and small motions the eye normally makes prevent this fading from occurring outside the laboratory, and few eye trackers can track small, high-frequency motions rapidly or precisely enough for this to be a problem, but it does illustrate the subtlety of the design issues.…”

Section: Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Dialogue in Modes other than Natural Language

Jacob¹

1995

Dialogue and Instruction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Each command or transaction in a modern graphical user interface exists as a nearly independent utterance, unconnected to previous and future ones from the same user. This is unlike real human communication, where each utterance draws on previous ones for its meaning. While some natural language human-computer interfaces attempt to include such characteristics of human dialogue, they have been notably absent from graphical user interfaces. Our goal is to connect these properties of human dialogue to direct manipulation or graphical styles of user-computer interaction. This chapter describes our approach to incorporating some of the properties of natural dialogue (such as conversational flow, discourse, focus) into "other" (that is, not natural language) modes of human-computer communication. It also describes our research on building a natural user-computer dialogue based on a user's eye movements. That work shows that starting from natural, rather than trained, eye movements results in a more natural dialogue with the user.

show abstract

“…Then the partial recovery would correspond to either an imperfect stabilization or a change in the sensitivity of the receptors resulting in partial firing wh ich possibly is correlated with central processes, e.g., memory of Gestalt processes (Pritchard, 1961;Evans, 1963;Bennet-Clark & Evans, 1963).…”

Section: D1scussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual disappearance of a motion pattern

Eriksson

1969

Psychon Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stabilized Images on the Retina

Cited by 179 publications

References 0 publications

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

Natural Dialogue in Modes other than Natural Language

Visual disappearance of a motion pattern

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About