Stabilization, Remediation, and Integrated Management of Metal-Contaminated Ecosystems by Grasses (Poaceae)

Prasad, M. N. V.

doi:10.1201/9781420032048.ch21

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Successful ecorestoration is achieved by establishment of the self-sustaining vegetation cover through human intervention by seeding the mixture of grasses and legumes, and planting shrubs and trees (Pavlović et al, 2004;Mitrović et al, 2008;Kostić et al, 2012;Maiti, 2013;Gajić et al, 2016). In a temperate climate, grass and legume species that are the best for the revegetation of degraded sites belong to the genus of Festuca, Lolium, Agropyron, Poa, Medicago, and Vicia whereas the trees that provide good phytostabilization of substrates are Poplar, Robinia, Salix, Alnus, Betula, and Acer (Prasad, 2006). However, in tropical region different plant genus are the best choice for the recultivation of degraded sites: Chloris, Pennisetum, Vetiveria, Paspalum, Cynodon (grasses); Leucaena, Acacia, and Sesbania (legumes) and Prosopis, Eucaliptus and Ricinus (trees) (Prasad, 2006).…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a temperate climate, grass and legume species that are the best for the revegetation of degraded sites belong to the genus of Festuca, Lolium, Agropyron, Poa, Medicago, and Vicia whereas the trees that provide good phytostabilization of substrates are Poplar, Robinia, Salix, Alnus, Betula, and Acer (Prasad, 2006). However, in tropical region different plant genus are the best choice for the recultivation of degraded sites: Chloris, Pennisetum, Vetiveria, Paspalum, Cynodon (grasses); Leucaena, Acacia, and Sesbania (legumes) and Prosopis, Eucaliptus and Ricinus (trees) (Prasad, 2006). Legumes present keystone species because they provide nitrogen as the critical, most important resource on fly ash and mine waste deposits i.e., they perform nitrogen fixation in the atmosphere by using bacteria.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Potential of Plants for Phytoremediation and Ecorestoration of Fly Ash Deposits and Mine Wastes

Gajić

Djurdjević

Kostić

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

127

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Fly ash generates as the result of coal combustion in thermoelectric power stations whereas ore mining activities produce mine waste-rock and tailings worldwide. High concentrations of metal(loid)s and organic pollutants in fly ash and mine wastes are released into soil, air, and water presenting a global threat to the surrounding environment and human health. The environmentally sound management of fly ash and mine wasterock and tailings includes monitoring stability of the dam construction and seepage flowrate, prevention of water erosion and dust spreading, reducing the footprint of the management facilities and successful restoration/revegetation. Harsh conditions prevailing on fly ash and mine deposits are unfavorable mechanical composition and pH, high concentrations of soluble salts, lack of nitrogen and phosphorous, reduced number of microorganisms and fungus, toxic concentrations of As, Au, Ag, B, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn, and the presence of PAHs and PCBs. The review addresses phystostabilization, phytoextraction, rhizodegradation, and phytodegradation as main phytoremediation green technologies which use plants to clean up the contaminated area to safe levels. Establishment of the self-sustaining vegetative cover on fly ash and mine deposits is crucial for recovering ecosystem health, stability, and resilience. Therefore, here we have discussed the essential role of native plants in the ecorestoration process on waste deposits. Additional emphasis is given to the evaluation of plant adaptive response to pollution stress. This review presents a current knowledge in phytomanagement of fly ash deposits, mine waste-rock and tailings. Also, it provides a new frontier in restoration physiology where physiological and biochemical tools can be used to predict plant response to stressors and success of restoration projects.

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Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Potential of Plants for Phytoremediation and Ecorestoration of Fly Ash Deposits and Mine Wastes

Gajić

Djurdjević

Kostić

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

127

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“…In addition, ideal candidates should be able to establish quickly on the waste and persist for long time periods. The ability to form extensive root systems and not to accumulate potentially toxic elements in the shoots, minimizing the risk of metal translocation into the food chain (Prasad 2006), are also important selection criteria. Grasses that were so far used in phytoremediation practices in the study area belonged to Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, and Poa pratensis (Trafas 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhiza of introduced and native grasses colonizing zinc wastes: implications for restoration practices

Ryszka

Turnau

2007

Plant Soil

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The analysis of mycorrhizal status of grasses introduced under conventional phytoremediation programmes (including covering of the waste area with a layer of uncontaminated soil and watering) and of grasses that spontaneously established in later successional stages, was carried out on the slopes of the 1-to 30-year-old tailings of ZG Trzebionka Mining Company located near Chrzanów (southern Poland). Most grasses were mycorrhizal and the parameters of mycorrhization were higher on the older parts of the waste. Grasses selected for restoration practices were well developed only if the waste was covered with a layer of soil and continuous irrigation took place, both being expensive practices. The field experiment showed that the introduction of standard inoculum containing mycorrhizal fungi indeed improved the development of grasses during early stages, but still was not effective enough due to high erosion of the substratum. A slight improvement was observed when AgroHydroGel was used to lock moisture in the soil, but the plants did not survive for longer time periods. On the contrary, much better results were obtained when vegetatively multiplied grasses selected from specimens originating from natural succession were used to stabilize the vegetation on the bare industrial waste.

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“…'Pioneer'), Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodes) and Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; e.g. Harwood et al 1999;Prasad 2006). The characteristics and metal tolerance of Rhodes grass have been the subject of considerable research (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Uptake by Mitchell Grasses Grown on Mine Wastes, Cannington Ag–Pb–Zn Mine, Australia: Implications for Mined Land Reclamation

Lottermoser

Munksgaard

Daniell

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This study was conducted to determine the metal (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) tolerance and uptake of Mitchell grasses when grown on waste rocks and tailings of a base metal mine, Australia. The objective of conducting such phytoremediation studies was to gain data relating to the implementation and effectiveness of capping and revegetation strategies for mine waste repositories in regions of native grasslands. Pot trials demonstrate that Mitchell grasses are metal tolerant and have the ability to accumulate significant concentrations of metals (Pb, Zn) into their above-ground biomass. Concentrations of metals in Mitchell grasses were evaluated in terms of maximum allowable dietary levels in livestock. The pot trial project revealed that if Mitchell grasses were to be used for mined land reclamation and were grown on tailings, the grasses could potentially accumulate large quantities of Zn in their tissue, potentially causing harmful effects on animals feeding on them. Hence, it is undesirable that Mitchell grasses are grown on and their root system come in contact with tailings with elevated level of Zn. Otherwise, the species may accumulate phyto-and zootoxic concentrations of Zn. The metal tolerance, the tendency to accumulate metals in the above-ground biomass and the significant root penetration depth of Mitchell grasses have implications for the design of tailings storage facilities. Capping of waste repositories, containing elevated metal concentrations and using a cover system without capillary breaks, clay layers or alternative strategies, may not be sustainable in the long term. The application of phosphate amendments to tailings may represent an alternative strategy to limit the uptake of metals by Mitchell grasses. The pot trials prove that the addition of phosphate to mine wastes decreases the bio-availability of metals in these materials and reduces the Pb and Zn concentration in Mitchell grasses growing on them. Thus, the addition of phosphate amendments to the top layers of metalliferous mine wastes may represent an alternative waste management strategy.

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Stabilization, Remediation, and Integrated Management of Metal-Contaminated Ecosystems by Grasses (Poaceae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 110 publications

Ecological Potential of Plants for Phytoremediation and Ecorestoration of Fly Ash Deposits and Mine Wastes

Ecological Potential of Plants for Phytoremediation and Ecorestoration of Fly Ash Deposits and Mine Wastes

Arbuscular mycorrhiza of introduced and native grasses colonizing zinc wastes: implications for restoration practices

Trace Element Uptake by Mitchell Grasses Grown on Mine Wastes, Cannington Ag–Pb–Zn Mine, Australia: Implications for Mined Land Reclamation

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