Stabilization of Xist RNA Mediates Initiation of X Chromosome Inactivation

Sheardown, Steven A.; Duthie, Sarah M.; Johnston, C L; Newall, Alistair E. T.; Formstone, Emma J.; Arkell, Ruth M.; Nesterova, Tatyana B.; Alghisi, Gian-Carlo; Rastan, Sohaila; Brockdorff, Neil

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)80012-x

Cited by 236 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It was also proposed earlier that the modulation of Xist chromatin structure might play a role in how Tsix regulates Xist (Navarro et al 2005;Sado et al 2005). Interestingly, a recent study has suggested that up-regulation of Xist RNA observed on the future inactive X is not due to the increased stability of the Xist transcript as suggested earlier but is regulated by Tsix Sheardown et al 1997;Sun et al 2006). Lee and colleagues (Sun et al 2006) reported that Tsix downregulation on the future inactive X induces a transient heterochromatic state to Xist, followed by high levels of Xist expression.…”

Section: XCImentioning

confidence: 60%

Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrum

Prasanth¹,

Spector²

2007

Genes Dev.

363

305

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A large portion of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). While once thought of primarily as "junk," recent studies indicate that a large number of these RNAs play central roles in regulating gene expression at multiple levels. The increasing diversity of ncRNAs identified in the eukaryotic genome suggests a critical nexus between the regulatory potential of ncRNAs and the complexity of genome organization. We provide an overview of recent advances in the identification and function of eukaryotic ncRNAs and the roles played by these RNAs in chromatin organization, gene expression, and disease etiology.

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Section: XCImentioning

confidence: 60%

Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrum

Prasanth¹,

Spector²

2007

Genes Dev.

363

305

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“…However, experiments that would conclusively test the postulated roles for the vast majority of eukaryotic long ncRNAs have not yet been performed (5). Careful interrogation of specific loci is necessary to distinguish between ncRNAs that represent mere transcriptional ''noise'' and those that have a bona fide role in regulation and development (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Long intergenic ncRNAs also exist in yeast, and despite the tractability of this model system, most remain uncharacterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toggle involving cis -interfering noncoding RNAs controls variegated gene expression in yeast

Bumgarner

Dowell

Grisafi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

187

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The identification of specific functional roles for the numerous long noncoding (nc)RNAs found in eukaryotic transcriptomes is currently a matter of intense study amid speculation that these ncRNAs have key regulatory roles. We have identified a pair of cis-interfering ncRNAs in yeast that contribute to the control of variegated gene expression at the FLO11 locus by implementing a regulatory circuit that toggles between two stable states. These capped, polyadenylated ncRNAs are transcribed across the large intergenic region upstream of the FLO11 ORF. As with mammalian long intervening (li)ncRNAs, these yeast ncRNAs (ICR1 and PWR1) are themselves regulated by transcription factors (Sfl1 and Flo8) and chromatin remodelers (Rpd3L) that are key elements in phenotypic transitions in yeast. The mechanism that we describe explains the unanticipated role of a histone deacetylase complex in activating gene expression, because Rpd3L mutants force the ncRNA circuit into a state that silences the expression of the adjacent variegating gene.FLO11 ͉ intergenic transcription ͉ Rpd3L histone deacetylase ͉ transcriptional interference ͉ regulatory RNAs

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“…A recent study shows that the lncRNA XIST, responsible for X-chromosome inactivation in female mammalian cells, also plays a role in the chromatin organization of the inactive X chromosome (Xi) [98]. XIST is a 17-kb long lncRNA transcribed from the X chromosome, which recruits PRC2 for suppression [99]. Further investigations identified several additional proteins that interact with XIST such as the ATRX RNA helicase, YY1 and hnRNPU [97,100,101].…”

Section: Non-coding Rnas As Modulators Of Chromatin State and Organizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Organization of Epigenomes

2016

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The role of genome architecture in transcription regulation has become the focus of an increasing number of studies over the past decade. Chromatin organization can have a significant impact on gene expression by promoting or restricting the physical proximity between regulatory DNA elements. Given that any change in chromatin state has the potential to alter DNA folding and the proximity between control elements, the spatial organization of chromatin is inherently linked to its molecular composition. In this review, we explore how modulators of chromatin state and organization might keep gene expression in check. We discuss recent findings and present some of the less well-studied aspects of spatial genome organization such as chromatin dynamics and regulation by non-coding RNAs.

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Stabilization of Xist RNA Mediates Initiation of X Chromosome Inactivation

Cited by 236 publications

References 44 publications

Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrum

Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrum

Toggle involving cis -interfering noncoding RNAs controls variegated gene expression in yeast

Spatial Organization of Epigenomes

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