Stabilization of soils containing sulfates by using alternative hydraulic binders

Caselles, Laura Diaz; Hot, Julie; Roosz, Cédric; Cyr, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104494

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…kg −1 , which is lower than 0.31 g kg −1 below 100 cm [18]. In the whole process of applying MDI, five kinds of ions' contents decreased year by year, and the distribution was more uniform in different soil layers (Figure 5e).…”

Section: Changes In Sar and Csermentioning

confidence: 86%

“…SO 4 2− content in the surface layer was 0.87-0.90 g kg −1 at 1 a, whereas the content below 80 cm was 0.42-0.59 g kg −1 (Figure 5d). The concentration of relatively active ion Cl − in the surface of soil in 1 a was 0.56-0.57 g kg −1 , which is lower than 0.31 g kg −1 below 100 cm [18]. In the whole process of applying MDI, five kinds of ions' contents decreased year by year, and the distribution was more uniform in different soil layers (Figure 5e).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Migration Patterns Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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The lowering of salt content in the field, especially in arid areas, after consecutive application of mulched drip irrigation (MDI) is of vital importance for sustainable cotton plantation. To elucidate the effects of long-term MDI on soil properties and cotton growth, this paper systematically monitored the soil salinity, ion concentrations and the yield of cotton in the field using MDI consecutively for six years in a typical oasis in Xinjiang, China. The results showed that MDI could significantly change salt distribution in the cotton field. During the six years tested, the soil salt content using MDI declined fast at first, and then the decline rate gradually decreased. In the 1st and 2nd year, the average salt content within 0–100 cm soil layer was larger than 20 g kg−1, which belonging to the saline soil. Then the salt content decreased to 10–20 g kg−1 in the 3rd and 4th year, and the cotton field declined to heavily saline soil. After 5 years of MDI, the soil turned to non-salinized. The Cl− and SO42− equivalence ratio (CSER) also decreased with the increase of application years of MDI. Saline-alkaline land developed from chloride-sulphate solonchak (0.2 < CSER < 1) into sulphate solonchak (CSER < 0.2) after 6 years of MDI. The survival rate of the cotton increased from 1.48% (1 year of MDI) to 76.3% (6 years of MDI), and the yield increased from 72.43 kg ha−1 to 4515.48 kg ha−1. When the average CSER, SAR and the soil salinity in 0–140 cm soil layer decreased to 0.60, 0.98 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 6.25 g kg−1, farmers can achieve a balance between income and expenditure. Moreover, when CSER, SAR, and the soil salinity continuously decreased to 0.44, 0.69 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 0.77 g kg−1, the cotton yield will exceed the average production level of cotton in Xinjiang. Under the current irrigation schedule in the oasis irrigation area, the soil salinity and groundwater level after applying MDI could be conducive to cotton growth. However, this situation had also caused a waste of nearly 200 mm of water resources. Therefore, authors suggested that further research on water-saving irrigation systems suitable for different soil conditions should be carried out, and also the differential quota management in production practice should be adopted.

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Section: Changes In Sar and Csermentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Spatiotemporal Migration Patterns Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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“…It can also be present in the water used to compact pavement layers, or can even come from the infiltration of water from the surrounding terrain. The reaction of the Ca 2+ ions supplied by the additive, aluminum from the clay minerals and the sulfate, with water availability, forms ettringite (Ca 6 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (OH) 12 •26H 2 O), a highly hydrated and expansive mineral. The adequate conditions for the formation of ettringite are: 1. high pH, 2. availability of reactive aluminum, 3. availability of reactive calcium, 4. presence of sulfate and 5. water availability [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From an environmental point of view, the stabilization of sulfate soils could contribute to limiting the environmental impact of the construction industry by means of saving natural resources they could substitute. This way, different authors are currently researching this field: Diaz Caselles et al [12], stabilized a sulfate soil with different hydraulic binders based on calcium. They found that the most effective treatment was obtained with binders rich in GGBS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Valorization of Sulfate Soils for Use as Construction Material

et al. 2022

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This article shows an experimental investigation carried out for the stabilization of a sulfate soil. The stabilization was carried out in two phases: the first phase was the consumption of the sulfate present in the soil through its controlled transformation into ettringite. After this, a modified soil with lower maximum density, greater optimum moisture identified via standard proctor (SP) test, no plasticity and improved unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was obtained. In the second phase, the modified soil was stabilized by the use of different additives rich in oxides of calcium or magnesium, combined with by-products or waste materials containing reactive aluminum or silicon oxides. As a result, the mechanical strength of the modified soil was improved. In this phase, a binary binder composed of a magnesium oxide product and ground granulated blast-furnace slags (GGBS) obtained the highest UCS. The binary binder composed of lime and an alumina filler formed ettringite in the treated soil. This experiment allowed for the validation of a two-phase stabilization process and the non-conventional additives used, mainly magnesium oxide and GGBS, even for high-bearing-requirement pavement layers’ construction.

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“…Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that soil contains clay (>10 wt dry soil weight) and >1% sulphate content after stabilization with cement or lime [ 4 ]. Clay releases ammonia at pH values > 10.5 and this ammonia interacts with Ca 2+ (contained in lime or cement), soil sulphate ions, and available soil water to form calcium silicate trisulphate hydrate (ettringite) [ 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. This ettringite can be converted to calcium-silicate-hydroxide-sulphate-carbonate-hydrated material (thaumasite) at temperatures < 15 °C [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach to the Treatment of Gypseous Soil-Induced Ettringite Using Blends of Non-Calcium-Based Stabilizer, Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, and Metakaolin

2021

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Gypseous soil is one type of expansive soil that contains a sufficient amount of sulphate. Cement and lime are the most common methods of stabilizing expansive soil, but the problem is that lime-treated gypseous soil normally fails in terms of durability due to the formation of ettringite, a highly deleterious compound. Moisture ingress causes a significant swelling of ettringite crystals, thereby causing considerable damage to structures and pavements. This study investigated the suitability of various materials (nano–Mg oxide (M), metakaolin (MK), and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) for the stabilization of gypseous soil. The results showed soil samples treated with 20% M-MK, M-GGBS, and M-GGBS-MK to exhibit lower swelling rates (<0.01% change in volume) compared to those treated with 10% and 20% of lime after 90 days of curing. However, soil samples stabilized with 10% and 20% binder of [(M-MK), (M-GGBS), and (M-GGBS-MK)] exhibited higher strengths after 90 days of soaking (ranging from 0.96–12.8 MPa) compared to those stabilized with 10% and 20% lime. From the morphology studies, the SEM and EDX analysis evidenced no formation of ettringite in the samples stabilized with M-MK-, M-GGBS-, and M-GGBS-MK. These results demonstrate the suitability of M-MK, M-GGBS, and M-GGBS-MK as effective agents for the stabilization of gypseous soil.

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Stabilization of soils containing sulfates by using alternative hydraulic binders

Cited by 34 publications

References 55 publications

Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

Experimental Study of the Valorization of Sulfate Soils for Use as Construction Material

Novel Approach to the Treatment of Gypseous Soil-Induced Ettringite Using Blends of Non-Calcium-Based Stabilizer, Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, and Metakaolin

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