The
oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can provide electrons for reducing
water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. On the other hand, copper compounds
are among the most interesting OER catalysts. In this study, water
oxidation of a Cu foil in the presence of K2FeO4, a soluble Fe source, under alkaline conditions (pH ≈ 13)
is investigated using electrochemical methods, X-ray diffraction,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ visible spectroelectrochemistry,
Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. After the reaction
of the Fe salt with the Cu foil, a remarkable improvement for OER
is recorded, which indicates that either the Fe ions on the copper
foil directly participate in OER or these ions are critical for activating
copper ions on the surface toward OER. Indeed, a remarkable decrease
(130 mV) in the overpotential is recorded for the Cu foil in the presence
of [FeO4]2–. Tafel slopes for the Cu
foil in the absence and presence of K2FeO4 are
113.2 and 46.4 mV/decade, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
shows that there is a strong interaction between Cu(II) and Fe(III)
on the surface of the Cu foil. During OER in the presence of Cu(II)
(hydr)oxide, Cu(III) is detected. In situ visible spectroelectrochemistry
shows that Cu and Fe ions are dynamically active and precipitate on
the surface of the counter electrode during cyclic voltammetry (CV).
The isotopic experimental data using H2
18O based
on Raman spectroscopy show that there is no change in the lattice
oxygen. All of these experiments adopt a new perspective on the role
of Fe in OER in the presence of a Cu foil under alkaline conditions.