Background
BK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PyVAN) is an important complication after kidney transplantation. Prevalence ranges from 1% to 10%, and graft loss occurs in approximately 50% of the cases. There is no effective treatment, so early viral detection with immunosuppression tapering is the current strategy to prevent PyVAN.
Aims
To verify the frequency of PyVAN in a single center and evaluate the response to immunosuppressive adjustments through graft survival analysis.
Methods
Retrospective evaluation of a cohort of kidney transplant recipients with biopsy‐proven PyVAN, compared with no‐PyVAN patients regarding clinical aspects, immunosuppression, and graft survival over at least 2 years.
Results
There were 1404 kidney transplants analyzed in the study period, 58 with biopsy‐proven PyVAN. Cumulative incidence was 4.1%. Median time from transplantation to PyVAN diagnosis was 6 (1‐41) months. PyVAN was associated with recipient male gender (P = .041) and deceased donation (P = .005). Graft survival was inferior for PyVAN compared to no‐PyVAN patients, 81.8% vs 75.2%, P = .019. Thirteen (22.4%) PyVAN patients lost their grafts, nine (15.5%) losses attributed to BKPyV infection. Three patients with BKPyV‐associated graft losses were submitted to a successful second kidney transplant, with no evidence of viral replication during follow‐up.
Conclusion
PyVAN still is an important cause of kidney graft failure. Even though implementing active vigilance and immunosuppressive adjustment, this real‐life single‐center study demonstrated inferior graft survival in PyVAN patients compared to non‐PyVAN.