Stabilization of Photonic Microwave Generation in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers With Optical Injection and Feedback

Characteristics of microwave photonic signal generation using vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with optical injection and feedback

“…5(b), the linewidth is 52.9 kHz, which is slightly larger than that with single feedback for this feedback strength, but the side peak suppression coefficient is increased to 48 dB. Similar phenomenon has been experimentally demonstrated in our previous work [31]. Moreover, except f 3 , the power of the other three frequency components with optical feedback in Fig.…”

“…Parallel injection (η x =0 ns -1 and η y ≠0 ns -1 ) is considered and η y is labeled as η. It is worth mentioning that in order to simulate the linewidth observed in the experiment [31], a relatively large spontaneous emission coefficient is selected for the Gaussian noise terms.…”

“…The scheme of optical modulation sideband injection locking has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated to stabilize the microwave photonic signal [30]. We also recently experimentally study the stabilization of microwave photonic signal generation based on P1 oscillation in a VCSEL with optical feedback [31].…”

Microwave Photonic Signal Generation in an Optically Injected Discrete Mode Semiconductor Laser

“…Compared with microwave synthesis using electronics, which has been extensively explored and developed over the past decades, high-frequency microwave photonic (MWP) signal generation in the optical domain is more convenient and cost-effective. Various approaches of MWP signal generation can generally be classified into optical heterodyning [13,14], direct and external modulation [15][16][17], self-pulsating and mode-locking [18,19], optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) [20][21][22][23][24], and laser dynamics of period-one (P1) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The optical heterodyne technique can easily achieve terahertz photonic microwaves by beating between two optical beams with certain wavelength spacing, as such the technique has very wide tunability [13].…”

“…Recently, a competitive approach of MWP signal generation based on the P1 dynamic of semiconductor lasers has been proposed and explored [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The P1 dynamic of semiconductor lasers can be achieved by optical injection under certain injection parameters, which causes the optical output intensity of semiconductor lasers to undergo self-sustained oscillation at a microwave frequency [25].…”