Stabilization of phosphorylated Bacillus subtilis DegU by DegR

Mukai, Kuniaki; Kawata-Mukai, M; Takano, Teruo

doi:10.1128/jb.174.24.7954-7962.1992

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The extent of the observed degR effect, however, cannot explain the level of enhancement of aprE expression ( Fig. 1) (29) and thus may be the secondary effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…H. Doi (21) pSKD1-*DB104 This study S. A. Zahler (45) This laboratory (28) This laboratory (29) This laboratory (29) pEPVlT-*CU741 (19) This study This study a Arrows indicate transformation of the plasmid DNAs into the respective strains.…”

Section: This Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DegS is also involved in the dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated DegU (6,28). It has been demonstrated that the phosphorylated form of DegU is stabilized by multiple copies of degR (29) or mutations that cause overproduction of the exoproteases, such as degSlOO(Hy), degS200(Hy), degU32(Hy), and degU9(Hy) (6,7,41,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiple copies of the proB gene enhance degS-dependent extracellular protease production in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 1994

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Bacillus subtilis secretes extracellular proteases whose production is positively regulated by a two-component regulatory system, DegS-DegU, and other regulatory factors including DegR. To identify an additional regulatory gene(s) for exoprotease production, we performed a shotgun cloning in the cell carrying multiple copies of degR and found a transformant producing large amounts of the exoproteases. The plasmid in this transformant, pLC1, showed a synergistic effect with multiple copies of degR on the production of the extracellular proteases, and it required degS for its enhancing effect. The DNA region responsible for the enhancement contained the proB gene, as shown by restriction analyses and sequence determination. The proB gene encoding Sy-glutamyl kinase was followed by the proA gene encoding glutamyl--y-semialdehyde dehydrogenase at an interval of 39 nucleotides, suggesting that the genes constitute an operon. pLC1 contained the complete proB gene and a part ofproA lacking the proA C-terminal region. It was also found that proB on the chromosome showed a synergistic effect with multiple copies of degR. We consider on the basis of these results that the metabolic intermediate, y-glutamyl phosphate, would transmit a signal to DegS, resulting in a higher level of phosphorylated DegU. Possible involvement of DegR in this process is discussed.

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“…The extent of the observed degR effect, however, cannot explain the level of enhancement of aprE expression ( Fig. 1) (29) and thus may be the secondary effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: This Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple copies of the proB gene enhance degS-dependent extracellular protease production in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 1994

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“…The production of the exoproteases is also subject to additional positive and negative regulation by several factors (20,26). One such factor is degR, which in multicopy causes overproduction of extracellular proteases and in single copy contributes to positive regulation of aprE (subtilisin) expression (28,29,33,55). DegR is a 60-amino-acid polypeptide with homology to the N-terminal region of DegS (36), and it has been shown that multiple copies of degR stabilize the phosphorylated form of DegU (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One such factor is degR, which in multicopy causes overproduction of extracellular proteases and in single copy contributes to positive regulation of aprE (subtilisin) expression (28,29,33,55). DegR is a 60-amino-acid polypeptide with homology to the N-terminal region of DegS (36), and it has been shown that multiple copies of degR stabilize the phosphorylated form of DegU (28). Transcription of degR is dependent on D , a sigma factor involved in chemotaxis, suggesting interaction between the pathways controlling induction of chemotaxis genes and regulation of exoprotease production (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

A new Bacillus subtilis gene, med, encodes a positive regulator of comK

et al. 1997

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Bacillus subtilis degR, a positive regulator of the production of degradative enzymes, is negatively regulated by the competence transcription factor ComK which is overproduced in mecA null mutants. We used transposon Tn10 to search for a mutation that reduced the repression level of degR caused by a mecA mutation. A new gene exerting positive regulation on comK was obtained and designated med (suppressor of mecA effect on degR). Sequence determination, Northern analysis, and primer extension analyses revealed that the med gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) composed of 317 codons and was transcribed into an approximately 1,250-nucleotide mRNA together with its short downstream gene. The expression of comK is positively regulated by factors such as ComK itself, ComS (SrfA)-MecA, DegU, SinR, and AbrB. Quantitative analyses using comK -lacZ, srfA-lacZ, degU -lacZ, and sinR -lacZ fusions showed that disruption of med caused a significant decrease in comK expression in both mecA ؉ and mecA strains, while expression of srfA, sinR, and degU was not affected by the mutation. An epistatic analysis revealed that overproduction of ComK resulted in alteration of med expression, suggesting a regulatory loop between comK and med. Several possible mechanisms for positive regulation of comK by Med are discussed.

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Transcriptome profiling of degU expression reveals unexpected regulatory patterns in Bacillus megaterium and discloses new targets for optimizing expression

Borgmeier

Biedendieck

Hoffmann

et al. 2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The first whole transcriptome assessment of a Bacillus megaterium strain provides unanticipated insights into the degSU regulon considered to be of central importance for exo-enzyme production. Regulatory patterns as well as the transcription of degSU itself deviate from the model organism Bacillus subtilis; the number of DegU-regulated secretory enzymes is rather small. Targets for productivity optimization, besides degSU itself, arise from the unexpected DegU-dependent induction of the transition-state regulator AbrB during exponential growth. Induction of secretion-assisting factors, such as the translocase subunit SecY or the signal peptidase SipM, promote hypersecretion. B. megaterium DegSU transcriptional control is advantageous for production purposes, since the degU32 constitutively active mutant conferred hypersecretion of a heterologous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase without the detrimental rise, as for B. subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, in extracellular proteolytic activities.

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Stabilization of phosphorylated Bacillus subtilis DegU by DegR

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Multiple copies of the proB gene enhance degS-dependent extracellular protease production in Bacillus subtilis

Multiple copies of the proB gene enhance degS-dependent extracellular protease production in Bacillus subtilis

A new Bacillus subtilis gene, med, encodes a positive regulator of comK

Transcriptome profiling of degU expression reveals unexpected regulatory patterns in Bacillus megaterium and discloses new targets for optimizing expression

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