Stabilization of peroxide crosslinked polyethylene

Gustafsson, Bill; Bostrom, J.-O.; Dammert, R. C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-9505(19981201)261-262:1<93::aid-apmc93>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The crosslinking agent, (DCP), was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. LDPE is well known for its homogeneity and its good extrusion behavior, therefore, DCP is an ideal candidate, as the decomposition conditions is well above the LDPE melt temperature [1]. Moreover, this is an efficient way to achieve crosslinking as the radical reaction occurs at temperatures above the LDPE melting point, that is, ~120 ℃.…”

Section: A Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the desirable electrical properties of LDPE were identified at an early stage and this type of material has now been used as electrical insulation for over 60 years. Today, however, thermoplastic LDPE has been replaced by XLPE and it is the most common insulation material for power cables designed for high voltages [1]. Crosslinking introduces a network in which the polymer structure is modified through the formation of chemical bonds between adjacent polymer chains [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ultimately would result in electrical breakdown. However, using XLPE, it is possible to operate a cable with a conductor temperature of 90 ℃, which is 20 ℃ higher than uncrosslinked polyethylene [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of composition and processing on electric characteristics of XLPE in HVDC cable applications

Fazal

Hao

Vaughan

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)

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-Polyethylene exhibits many key characteristics including low dielectric loss, high breakdown strength and good processability. Most modern extruded high voltage cables employ cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as the insulation material. The main advantage of XLPE is its excellent thermo-mechanical properties; it is relatively cheap and has low dielectric loss and low conductivity making it an ideal material for this application. Crosslinking enhances a number of thermo-mechanical properties such as deformation resistance at higher temperatures, tensile strength and creep properties. In comparison with low density polyethylene (LDPE), the heat deformation characteristics of XLPE are superior and, for this reason, XLPE is currently the most common insulation material for power cables ranging from low to high voltages. This paper reports on an investigation into the development of a new XLPE formulation for use in high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable applications. Specifically, the electrical performance of two novel LDPE resins are compared with an industrial standard (reference) LDPE material. For crosslinking, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was selected, as the decomposition temperature is high enough to prevent pre-curing during processing and to allow an efficient and rapid crosslinking at moderate temperatures. Moreover, the behavior of various systems is compared in terms of electrical breakdown performance and the influence of material composition and processing on these parameters is described.

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Section: A Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of composition and processing on electric characteristics of XLPE in HVDC cable applications

Fazal

Hao

Vaughan

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)

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“…Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with good chemical stabilization and processibility is widely used as cable insulation. However, poor heat resistance due to heat generation of ohmic loss restraints its application greatly 1. Crosslinked LDPE (XLPE) addresses this problem and gains more popularity 2, 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hindered phenol antioxidants on processing stability of peroxide‐cure LDPE by rheology and DSC analysis

Zhang

Yang

Song

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Influence of commercial phenol antioxidants Irganox 300, 1010, 1035, and 1076 on peroxide-cure reaction of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was evaluated through isothermal dynamic rheological and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing. The results indicated that phenol antioxidants could reduce storage modulus of LDPE completely crosslinked at 175 C while they have a neglectable effect on gel fracture and activity energy of crosslinking reaction. On the other hand, time sweep dynamic rheological test revealed the antioxidants 1035 and 1076 with low molecular weight and low melting point could significantly depress scorch of crosslinkable LDPE at 135 C. The isothermal time sweep dynamic rheology test method was more sensitive than nonisothermal DSC test for characterizing the influence of phenol antioxidants on crosslinking kinetics of peroxide-cure reaction of LDPE. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: 939-946, 2012

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“…10 For this reason its effect in the present EPM/peroxide/co-agent system was studied. On the other hand TMTD has also been found to provide scorch safety in an EPDM/TAC system, 11 leading to a reasonably good torque level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Concept of Co-Agents for Scorch Delay and Property Improvement in Peroxide Vulcanization

Grima

Talma

Datta

et al. 2006

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Peroxide cure is an important and widely used cure system for rubber. Several properties obtained via peroxide vulcanization are superior and not achievable with sulfur vulcanization, e.g.: aging resistance, no reversion and low compression set. However, other properties such as tensile strength and dynamic properties, are inferior to those of sulfur vulcanizates. The use of co-agents in peroxide cure leads to a certain extent to improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Nevertheless the properties are still inferior with respect to mechanical/dynamical properties of sulfur-cured articles. If these properties can be improved, the range of applications of peroxide cure in the rubber industry can be significantly broadened.Scorch is a common problem in peroxide cure, especially for injection molding and extrusion applications. Several additives can help to improve scorch safety, however, they always result in a lower peroxide efficiency, thus inferior vulcanizate properties.In the present study a new concept of co-agents for peroxide vulcanization is introduced. This new concept consists of the use of a combination of a bismaleimide type co-agent, like N,N'-m-phenylenedimaleimide (BMI-MP), and a sulfur containing compound, like dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT). This combination provides scorch safety and at the same time improves the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. Within the bismaleimide type co-agents N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide (BMI-PP) provides better mechanical properties than BMI-MP. The concentration of coagent and sulfur containing compound have a big influence on the scorch time and on the mechanical properties. Optimal properties are reached with 4 phr of co-agent and 0.7 to 0.96 phr of sulfur containing compound. * Corresponding

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Stabilization of peroxide crosslinked polyethylene

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of composition and processing on electric characteristics of XLPE in HVDC cable applications

The effect of composition and processing on electric characteristics of XLPE in HVDC cable applications

Assessment of hindered phenol antioxidants on processing stability of peroxide‐cure LDPE by rheology and DSC analysis

New Concept of Co-Agents for Scorch Delay and Property Improvement in Peroxide Vulcanization

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