Stabilization of human papillomavirus virus-like particles by non-ionic surfactants

Virus assembly occurs following a pH- or Ca2+-triggered switch in the thermodynamic attraction between structural protein capsomeres

“…However, protein retention time in SEC is sensitive to conformational changes (Wen et al 1996) and is thus an unreliable means of determining B 22 in viral assembly where such changes are likely (Caspar 1980). SIC is also not suited for viral assembly studies because the subunit proteins are especially susceptible to aggregation near surfaces (Shi et al 2005); immobilization of these viral proteins may cause significant structural changes that produce erroneous results. Also, interactions between the subunits are believed to be highly orientational and dependent on conformational change, and anchoring onto surfaces may restrain conformational switching.…”

Plant Production of Vaccine Against HPV: A New Perspectives

“…al, 1991). The use of nonionic stabilizers, such as methylcellulose (Corbett et al, 2010) or polysorbate PS80 (Shi et al, 2005) helps to avoid this effect. Another solution could be the use of another, physically and chemically more suitable adjuvant(s), but this strategy would further add to the cost of vaccine and principally could raise safety concerns.…”

Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases - From Bench to Bedside - A Clinical Perspective

“…al, 1991). The use of nonionic stabilizers, such as methylcellulose (Corbett et al, 2010) or polysorbate PS80 (Shi et al, 2005) helps to avoid this effect. Another solution could be the use of another, physically and chemically more suitable adjuvant(s), but this strategy would further add to the cost of vaccine and principally could raise safety concerns.…”

“…The tattoo delivery of DNA has been found as a cost-effective method that may be used in laboratory conditions when more rapid and more robust immune responses are required (Pokorná et al, 2009). The second method, a novel dry-coated densely packed Macroflux® microprojections array skin patch, was established as an alternate delivery system to intramuscular injection for delivering an alum adjuvanted vaccine Gardasil (Shi et al, 2005).…”