Stabilization of emulsions by gum tragacanth (Astragalus spp.) correlates to the galacturonic acid content and methoxylation degree of the gum

Enzymatic Depolymerization of Gum Tragacanth: Bifidogenic Potential of Low Molecular Weight Oligosaccharides

“…This filtration was continued overnight (18 h). The initial viscosity drop to ∼0.6 Pa·s was not used to evaluate the hydrolysis (as the viscosity will of course vary with the initial concentration of the suspended gum tragacanth as well as with the shear shear rate employed 8 ), but was simply a prerequisite for initiating the membrane fractionation to obtain differently sized molecules. After the first overnight filtration, the retentate was heated to 100°C for 10 min to halt the enzyme reaction.…”

“…The monosaccharide composition of the A. gossypinus gum tragacanth starting material and of the membrane-separated products from the enzymatic reaction were determined after TFA hydrolysis (2 M, 2 h, 121°C) 20 by using an ICS3000 ion chromatography system equipped with a CarboPacTM PA20 (3 mm × 150 mm) analytical column (Dionex Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, USA), using an elution program described previously. 8 Molecular Weight Distribution (HPSEC). The lyophilized fractions from the membrane filtration and the gum tragacanth starting material were dissolved in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (NaOAc) (pH 6), filtered through a 0.20 μm syringe-tip nylon membrane filter (VWR International, USA), separated for highperformance size exclusion chromatography on a Shodex OHpak SB-806 HQ (8.0 mm × 300 mm) column (Showa Denko KK, Kawasaki, Japan), and eluted with 0.1 M NaOAc (pH 6) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/ min at 30°C on a system consisting of a P680 HPLC pump and an ASI-100 automated sample injector using a refractive index detector Shodex RI-101 (Showa Denko KK).…”

“…6 Gum tragacanth is an exudate from the stem of the bushlike plant "goat's-horn", Astragalus species, and is one of the few natural plant sources of L-fucose-substituted polysaccharides. The gum has been used commercially for well over 2000 years, is approved for food use in both the United States and Europe, 7,8 and is widely used as an emulsifier and thickener in emulsion systems in different food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. 9 Gum tragacanth is made up of highly substituted, heterogeneous hydrophilic polysaccharides containing Larabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, L-fucose, L-rhamnose, and D-galacturonic acid and confers high viscosity when in aqueous solution.…”

One way of representing the size and shape of biomass particles in combustion modeling

“…All measurements were made at room temperature and at 3200 rpm on at least two samples. The refractive indices of biomass and ethanol were taken as 1.53 and 1.33, respectively [23]. The Sauter mean diameter was calculated as the surface area moment mean, and defined as…”

Physical stability of oil-in-water emulsions in the presence of gamma irradiated gum tragacanth

“…vitamins, lipophilic bioactive components, minerals, omega 3) for the functional food markets [3]. One of the major concerns about these systems is keeping them stable during storage and consumption [4]. 3 Emulsion instability is due to the increase in interfacial area following emulsification [5].…”