Stabilization of Cu-contaminated army firing range soils using waste oyster shells

Abstract

stabilization/solidification (S/S) process was used to immobilize Cu in contaminated soils obtained from two army firing ranges sites (A and B) with total Cu concentrations of 520 and 380 mg/kg, respectively. Both waste oyster shells (WOS) and pretreated oyster shells (POS) were used to immobilize Cu in the contaminated soils. Waste oyster shells passing the #10 mesh and #20 mesh were used for the Sites A and B, respectively. WOS- and POS-treated soil samples cured for 28 days were evaluated for Cu leaching by the Korean Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) method. Slurry suspensions were prepared to investigate the Cu immobilization mechanism using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The treatment results showed that the POS treatment was more effective than the WOS treatment of 28 days. For Site A, 10 wt% WOS and 3 wt% POS dosages were required to pass the Korean warning standard of 50 mg/kg, while 10 wt% WOS and 5 wt% POS dosages were required for the Site B treatment. The XRPD and SEM-EDX results showed that Cu immobilization was strongly linked to both CSH/CAH and ettringite. Overall, the POS treatment was effective at immobilizing the Cu in the contaminated soils, very likely due to its CaO content.

Effects of Biochar on Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Availability in a Military Shooting Range Soil in Korea

“…The end use of the contaminated soil after remediation is an important factor, which controls the selection of remediation technology (Mulligan et al, 2001). Several soil amendments such as P containing materials and liming materials have been used to remediate the shooting range soil by convertting highly mobile and available forms of Pb into less mobile and available forms (Cao et al, 2008;Hashimoto et al, 2009a;Li et al, 2009;Moon et al, 2010). However, phosphate-induced immobilization of Pb requires a high amount of available P to stabilize Pb that may result in the leaching of P into ground water and surrounding environment .…”

Military aspects of hydrogeology: an introduction and overview

“…RDX, an acronym for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, is the primary explosive in hand grenades and is a likely groundwater contaminant because of its slow dissolution rate and low adsorption onto soils. In Korea, quicklime, in this case derived from waste oyster shells roasted at high temperature, has been used to stabilize copper-contaminated soils on an army firing range (Moon et al 2011). Such work has demonstrated that the addition of lime to raise pH can be a simple and effective treatment for ranges contaminated with metal fragments and munitions constituents such as RDX.…”

Enhancing the adsorption of Pb(II) and Fe(II) in the reactor by the thermally treated alluvial clay from Far North Cameroon

“…Cameroon has enormously increased the industrial wastewater production which is highly contaminated with various types of heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination exists in waste effluents of different factories such as metal plating, mining operations, tanneries, ceramic painting, manufacturing paints, catalysts, alloy industries, galvanizing iron, polymer stabilizer, storage batteries manufacturing, pesticides, wood preservation, pigments factories and families cloths painting (Basso et al, 2002;Sundar et al, 2010;Arwidsson et al, 2010;Berthelot et al, 2008;Cao et al, 2008;Moon et al, 2010;Chrastný et al, 2010). Heavy metals have been acknowledged as potential health and environmentally hazardous materials.…”