“…In the construction of mountain housing, transportation, mining, water conservancy and hydropower projects, rock slope stability problems are inevitably encountered (Li et al, 2019;Du et al, 2022;Yi et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2022). Rock slope stability problems can cause geological disasters such as rock loosening, relaxation cracking, creeping, landslides and rock fall Meng et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2022). Therefore, monitoring and early warning are pivotal in preventing rock slope disasters.…”