Stability of zeranol, nandrolone and trenbolone in bovine urine

Merwe, P. J. van der; Pieterse, Jacobus W.

doi:10.1039/an9941902651

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nandrolone is administered as an anabolic agent for fattening veal calves and cattle, although the use of hormones for growth-promotion or fattening is prohibited in the EU [21, 22]. The retention time of the purchased nandrolone corresponded to one low-intensity peak within an isomer cluster of the accurate mass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification strategy for unknown pollutants using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Androgen-disrupting compounds identified through effect-directed analysis

Weiss

Simon

Stroomberg³

et al. 2011

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Effect-directed analysis has been applied to a river sediment sample of concern to identify the compounds responsible for the observed effects in an in vitro (anti-)androgenicity assay. For identification after non-target analysis performed on a high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap, we developed a de novo identification strategy including physico-chemical parameters derived from the effect-directed analysis approach. With this identification strategy, we were able to handle the immense amount of data produced by non-target accurate mass analysis. The effect-directed analysis approach, together with the identification strategy, led to the successful identification of eight androgen-disrupting compounds belonging to very diverse compound classes: an oxygenated polyaromatic hydrocarbon, organophosphates, musks, and steroids. This is one of the first studies in the field of environmental analysis dealing with the difficult task of handling the large amount of data produced from non-target analysis. The combination of bioassay activity assessment, accurate mass measurement, and the identification and confirmation strategy is a promising approach for future identification of environmental key toxicants that are not included as priority pollutants in monitoring programs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4939-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification strategy for unknown pollutants using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Androgen-disrupting compounds identified through effect-directed analysis

Weiss

Simon

Stroomberg³

et al. 2011

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Studies on the stability of TbOH in bovine urine showed that storage of urine samples in direct sunlight led to decreased TbOH concentrations (25). Storage of feces samples at room temperature in some cases caused partial or complete loss of the TbOH-17α content (26).…”

Section: Studies I and Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of trenbolone acetate and melengestrol acetate after application as growth promoters in cattle: environmental studies.

Schiffer

Daxenberger

Meyer

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

189

106

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The steroids trenbolone acetate (TbA) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) are licensed as growth promoters for farm animals in several meat-exporting countries. Although many studies have explored their safety for both animals and consumers, little is known about their fate after excretion by the animal. Our study aimed to determine the residues and degradation of trenbolone and MGA in solid dung, liquid manure, and soil. In animal experiments lasting 8 weeks, cattle were treated with TbA and MGA. Solid dung and, in case of trenbolone, liquid manure were collected and spread on maize fields after 4.5 and 5.5 months of storage, respectively. Determination of the hormone residues in all samples included extraction, clean-up (solid-phase extraction), separation of metabolites and interfering substances by HPLC (RP-18), and quantification by sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Procedures were validated by mass spectrometry (MS) methods. During storage of liquid manure the level of trenbolone decreased from 1,700 to 1,100 pg/g (17alpha-isomer), corresponding to a half-life of 267 days. Before storage, the concentrations in the dung hill ranged from 5 to 75 ng/g TbOH and from 0.3 to 8 ng/g MGA. After storage, levels up to 10 ng/g trenbolone, and 6 ng/g MGA were detected. In the soil samples trenbolone was traceable up to 8 weeks after fertilization, and MGA was detected even until the end of the cultivation period. The results show that these substances should be investigated further concerning their potential endocrine-disrupting activity in agricultural ecosystems.

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“…Some types of degradation of steroids by bacteria have already been demonstrated in studies carried out on human urine,1, 4 but few data are available on equine or bovine urine 5. Microbiological activity seems to depend on urine storage temperature, highlighting the necessity to maintain the cold chain in order to preserve urine samples unaltered, from the moment of collection to that of antidoping analysis 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid test by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate equine urine reactivity towards 17β‐OH steroids

Fidani

Casagni

Montana

et al. 2006

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Bacteria frequently found in equine urine samples may cause degradation of 17beta-OH steroids. A simple liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed to evaluate the microbiological contamination of equine urine as a marker of poor storage conditions. Norethandrolone was used as the internal standard, and the linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated. 17beta-OH oxidation was demonstrated for testosterone, nandrolone, trenbolone and boldenone, but did not occur in alpha-epimers such as alpha-boldenone and epitestosterone, demonstrating the stereoselectivity of the reaction. A rapid test was performed by spiking one of the four 17beta-OH steroids in samples of diluted equine urine. The steroids were transformed into their respective ketones in the presence of bacterial activity. The test allows direct injection of diluted samples into the LC/MS system, without the need for prior extraction. Results show that the best method of storage is freezing at -18 degrees C. Urine specimens should be analyzed as soon as possible after thawing. This allows bacterial degradation of equine urine to be arrested temporarily, so that the urine can be used for qualitative or quantitative analysis of 17beta-OH steroids.

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Stability of zeranol, nandrolone and trenbolone in bovine urine

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Identification strategy for unknown pollutants using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Androgen-disrupting compounds identified through effect-directed analysis

Identification strategy for unknown pollutants using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Androgen-disrupting compounds identified through effect-directed analysis

The fate of trenbolone acetate and melengestrol acetate after application as growth promoters in cattle: environmental studies.

Rapid test by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate equine urine reactivity towards 17β‐OH steroids

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