Stability of water–Boscan crude oil emulsions: Effect of salts, alcohols and glycols

Freezing temperature controlled deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets for rapid determination of benzoylureas residual in water samples with assistance of metallic salt

“…It has known that the vital step to break down the emulsion is to break the interfacial lm. 35 Hence, the demulsier was needed to facilitate the phase separation. The demulsiers usually used are water miscible organic solvents, which may decrease partition coefficients of analytes into the extraction solvent.…”

Effect of Selected Polyhydric Alcohols on Refining Oil Loss in the Neutralization Step

“…Rondón et al [23] pointed out that the hydroxyl group of polyhydric alcohol formed hydrogen bonds with water and increased polarity of the medium, as well as polarity of the oil phase. Also, Del Carpio et al [8] explained that the hydroxyl group of glycol adsorbed at the water-crude oil (petroleum) interface and occupied a large interfacial area, which increased the entropy (molecular disorder) at the interface. Thus, the interfacial film was weakened and phase separation was accelerated.…”

“…There are different methods for breaking emulsions, such as demulsifier addition [7][8][9], mechanical demulsification [10,11], thermal and/or electrical energy demulsification [12,13]. Among these methods, addition of demulsifier is widely used.…”

“…Several chemicals, such as salts, acids, alcohols and glycol, have been used as demulsifiers [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These agents break and/or inhibit the formation of interfacial film and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the system is modified, thus the emulsion is quickly broken down and oil recovery is enhanced [23,24].…”

“…However, one of the major drawbacks is the recovery of the added demulsifier, which may increase the processing cost and/or introduce additional environmental problems. Polyhydric alcohols were used to destabilize water-in-crude oil emulsions [8,16]. Polyhydric alcohols are good demulsifiers due to their water solubility.…”