Stability of Vertical Fluid-Conveying Pipes Having the Lower End Immersed in Fluid.

Realistic Follower Forces

“…However, for scientists who cannot believe in the concept of follower force, it is worthwhile to mention the cantilevered pipe conveying #uid [17,18]. Momentum #ux discharged from the free end of the pipe makes a follower thrust.…”

Parametric vibrations of flexible hoses excited by a pulsating fluid flow, Part II: Experimental research

“…Sugiyama et al (1996) analysed the influence of the degree of submerging the free end of a silicon pipe on the possibility of losing stability through flutter. The theoretical and experimental research of cantilever pipes aspirating fluid were also conducted by Kuiper et al (2007), Kuiper and Metrikine (2008), Giacobbi et al (2012), mainly in order to determine natural frequencies and examine stability.…”