Stability of Streptococcus mutatis and Its Relationship to Caries in a Child Population over 2 Years

Burt, Brian A.; Loesche, Walter J.; Eklund, Stephen A.; Earnest, Ronald

doi:10.1159/000260714

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Two of these requirements involve niche creation by earlier colonizers, such as the MS and/or other cariogens. The concept that "S. mutans may be necessary for fissure caries, though not a sufficient condition" (Burt et al 1983) is consistent with our model (Fig. 2) because MS are present in both cariesfree and caries-active sites.…”

Section: Model For the Role Of Lactobacilli In Dental Cariessupporting

confidence: 87%

Oral Lactobacilli and Dental Caries

et al. 2015

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Section: Model For the Role Of Lactobacilli In Dental Cariessupporting

confidence: 87%

Oral Lactobacilli and Dental Caries

et al. 2015

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“…In our previous paper [Burt et al, 1983] absolute counts were employed whereas we used proportions in this paper. Use of counts can be criticized because they can fluctuate with the amount of plaque re moved in the sample; proportions of total bacteria should be independent of plaque quantity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the explana tions given for these observations is the possibility that other coinhabiting plaque species modify the cariogenic potential of S. mutans [Loesche, 1982;Bowden et al, 1984], Several investigators have found that a high S. mutans to Streptococcus san guis ratio is highly associated with the de velopment of caries [de Stoppelaar et al, 1969;Loesche and Straffon, 1979;Burt et al, 1983] and that lactobacilli may be associated with some carious lesions [Loesche and Straffon, 1979;Bowden et al, 1984], But apart from these observations, no study, except that carried out by Hardy et al [1977], has examined the relationship of various plaque organisms to each other, their relative numerical stability over time, and the relationship between the relative proportions of coinhabiting bacterial spe cies to the subsequent development of ca ries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Selected Plaque Species and Their Relationship to Caries in a Child Population over 2 Years

Burt¹,

Loesche

Eklund³

1985

Caries Res

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With standardized plaque sampling techniques, bacterial populations were studied on the fissures of 500 unrestored lower first permanent molars in 279 children 6–7 years old at the beginning of a 2-year period. Samples were taken every 6 months. Actinomyces species, Veillonella, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Lactobacillus species were detected in a range from 300 to 5 × 10⁷ colony-forming units per plaque sample. S. mutans and lactobacilli were found to be the most numerically stable of the species investigated, and high numbers of these two were associated with the development of fissure caries.

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“…In another study, however, a cariespredictive role for the S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio could not be demonstrated (3).…”

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confidence: 86%

Natural History of Streptococcus sanguinis in the Oral Cavity of Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity

et al. 2000

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The heterogeneous group of oral bacteria within the sanguinis (sanguis) streptococci comprise members of the indigenous biota of the human oral cavity. While the association of Streptococcus sanguinis with bacterial endocarditis is well described in the literature, S. sanguinis is thought to play a benign, if not a beneficial, role in the oral cavity. Little is known, however, about the natural history of S. sanguinis and its specific relationship with other oral bacteria. As part of a longitudinal study concerning the transmission and acquisition of oral bacteria within mother-infant pairs, we examined the initial acquisition of S. sanguinis and described its colonization relative to tooth emergence and its proportions in plaque and saliva as a function of other biological events, including subsequent colonization with mutans streptococci. A second cohort of infants was recruited to define the taxonomic affiliation of S. sanguinis. We found that the colonization of the S. sanguinis occurs during a discrete "window of infectivity" at a median age of 9 months in the infants. Its colonization is tooth dependent and correlated to the time of tooth emergence; its proportions in saliva increase as new teeth emerge. In addition, early colonization of S. sanguinis and its elevated levels in the oral cavity were correlated to a significant delay in the colonization of mutans streptococci. Underpinning this apparent antagonism between S. sanguinis and mutans streptococci is the observation that after mutans streptococci colonize the infant, the levels of S. sanguinis decrease. Children who do not harbor detectable levels of mutans streptococci have significantly higher levels of S. sanguinis in their saliva than do children colonized with mutans streptococci. Collectively, these findings suggest that the colonization of S. sanguinis may influence the subsequent colonization of mutans streptococci, and this in turn may suggest several ecological approaches toward controlling dental caries.The heterogeneous group of oral streptococci comprising the sanguinis streptococci are members of the human indigenous biota. (The previously recognized species of the genus Streptococcus named "sanguis" has recently been changed to "sanguinis" so as to conform to the rules of Latin grammar [32]). S. sanguinis is recognized not only for its historical association with life-threatening bacterial endocarditis, but also because of its putative antagonistic role in dental caries (20) and periodontal diseases (27). In terms of the former, S. sanguinis may compete with the mutans streptococci for colonization sites on tooth surfaces, since both groups of bacteria require the presence of teeth for colonization (6, 7) and may exhibit direct biochemical antagonism in situ (33). Because the cariogenic potential of S. sanguinis is deemed low compared to that of the mutans streptococci, several investigators have suggested that the S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio may serve as an indicator for caries risk, i.e., the smaller the ratio, the lesser the ris...

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Stability of Streptococcus mutatis and Its Relationship to Caries in a Child Population over 2 Years

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Oral Lactobacilli and Dental Caries

Oral Lactobacilli and Dental Caries

Stability of Selected Plaque Species and Their Relationship to Caries in a Child Population over 2 Years

Natural History of Streptococcus sanguinis in the Oral Cavity of Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity

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