Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions

Chin, Alex W. H.; Chu, Julie T. S.; Perera, Mahen R.A.; Hui, K.; Yen, Hui‐Ling; Chan, Michael Chi Wai; Peiris, Malik; Poon, Leo L M

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30003-3

Cited by 1,693 publications

(2,192 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recent studies showed a heavy glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S protein ( 43 ) and it is possible the sugar coating conferred some stability against the enzymatic digestion and bile salt solubilization. Two recent publications did demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 has unique stability in the environment, at least in a laboratory setting ( 44, 45 ). Further work is needed to determine which bioactive(s) in the colonic fluids that are absent from small intestinal fluids function to potentially disrupt viral lipid membranes in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

Zang

Castro

McCune

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Both gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 replicate in the human intestine and its clinical relevance to potential fecal-oral transmission remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. In addition to TMPRSS2, another mucosa-specific serine protease, TMPRSS4, also enhanced SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and mediated viral entry into host cells. However, newly synthesized viruses released into the intestinal lumen were rapidly inactivated by human colonic fluids and no infectious virus was recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

Zang

Castro

McCune

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior to use, the plasma was heat-inactivated in a biosafety cabinet at 56 • C for one hour. This duration of heat treatment has been shown to be sufficient to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 [26,57], which has also not been reported to be present at high titers in the blood [58,59]. The negative control serum pools came from Gemini Biosciences, West Sacramento, CA, USA (Cat:100-110).…”

Section: Human Plasma Sample and Soluble Ace2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays

Crawford

Eguia

Dingens

et al. 2020

Viruses

697

834

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SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here, we detailed how to effectively pseudotype lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and infect 293T cells engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. We also made all the key experimental reagents available in the BEI Resources repository of ATCC and the NIH. Furthermore, we demonstrated how these pseudotyped lentiviral particles could be used to measure the neutralizing activity of human sera or plasma against SARS-CoV-2 in convenient luciferase-based assays, thereby providing a valuable complement to ELISA-based methods that measure antibody binding rather than neutralization.

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“…Prior to use, the plasma was heat-inactivated in a biosafety cabinet at 56 C for one hour. This duration of heat treatment has been shown to be sufficient to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 [26,57], which is also not reported to be present at high titers in the blood [58,59]. The negative control serum pools came from Gemini Biosciences (Cat:100-110).…”

Section: Human Plasma Sample and Soluble Ace2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol and reagents for pseudotyping lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for neutralization assays

Crawford

Eguia

Dingens

et al. 2020

Preprint

234

270

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AbstractSARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral and VSV particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here we detail how to effectively pseudotype lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and infect 293T cells engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. We also make all the key experimental reagents available in the BEI Resources repository of ATCC and the NIH. Furthermore, we demonstrate how these pseudotyped lentiviral particles can be used to measure the neutralizing activity of human sera or plasma against SARS-CoV-2 in convenient luciferase-based assays, thereby providing a valuable complement to ELISA-based methods that measure antibody binding rather than neutralization.

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Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions

Abstract: e10 (22°C). Additionally, we also found that SARS-CoV-2 is extremely stable in a wide range of pH values at room temperature (pH 3-10; appendix p 1). Overall, SARS-CoV-2 can be highly stable in a favourable environment, 4 but it is also susceptible to standard disinfection methods.

Cited by 1,693 publications

References 3 publications

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays

Protocol and reagents for pseudotyping lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for neutralization assays

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