Stability of polyethylenimine solution‐in‐liquid paraffin emulsion for preparing polyamine microspheres with potential adsorption for ionic dyes

Abstract

A microsphere synthesized by emulsion crosslinking of polyethylenimine (PEI) was applied in the removal of ionic dyes from water. Firstly, the stability of the PEI solution-in-liquid paraffin emulsion was improved by using the mixture of Span-80/Tween-80 as the emulsifier. The optimization by 2 5-1 fractional factorial design demonstrated the most stable emulsion was prepared at 0.07 g/mL of the emulsifier dosage, 6:4 (v:v) of the oil/water ratio, 20 % (wt %) of the PEI concentration, 6:1 (w:w) of the Span-80/Tween-80 ratio with a homogenization speed of 6000 r/min for 3 min at 25 o C. Then, the polyamine microsphere (PA-M) was obtained by crosslinking the PEI emulsion with glutaraldehyde. The PA-M microsphere can adsorb xylenol orange (XO) from aqueous solution with a capacity of 1169.2±12.5 mg/g. The amount of XO adsorption remained constant in the pH range of 2.0-11.0. Adsorption kinetics analysis demonstrated that Pseudo first-order model fit the experimental data better, indicating the overall adsorption process was controlled by 'surface reaction'. The XO adsorption on the microsphere was due to an electrostatic interaction according to the results of ΔG evaluation. The value of separation factor suggested the XO adsorption was favorable. The used PA-M microsphere can be regenerated and reused in adsorption/desorption operation at least 20 times.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyethylenimine–Silica Nanocomposite Microparticles

“…In addition, this polymer is water soluble, compatible with silica, , commercially available, and easily converted into a biocompatible , hydrogel by various cross-linking methods. One of the traditional cross-linking methods is by the use of glutaraldehyde, ,, although other cross-linking agents can be used with improvements for the resulting PEI hydrogels. For example, use of triazole cross-linkers enhanced Cu­(I) stabilization by the resulting PEI hydrogel, divinyl sulfone was used to cross-link a wide variety of PEI polymers, adding the sulfone moieties to the final structures, , and glycerol diglycidyl ether was used to create bulk hydrogels, microgels, and cryogels from branched PEI .…”

“…For example, use of triazole cross-linkers enhanced Cu­(I) stabilization by the resulting PEI hydrogel, divinyl sulfone was used to cross-link a wide variety of PEI polymers, adding the sulfone moieties to the final structures, , and glycerol diglycidyl ether was used to create bulk hydrogels, microgels, and cryogels from branched PEI . Epichlorohydrin (ECH) can be also used for effective PEI cross-linking. , Commonly, PEI microgels and nanogels are prepared via an emulsion polymerization technique. ,,, PEI microgel applications can be as wide as being effective agents for the adsorption of heavy metals, , carbon dioxide, and ionic dyes, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors, and bacterial growth inhibitors . Therefore, PEI has great potential as a parent material for the one-pot synthesis of PEI/SiO 2 particles capable of strong binding with a wide variety of ionic substances.…”

“…27 Epichlorohydrin (ECH) can be also used for effective PEI cross-linking. 33,37 Commonly, PEI microgels and nanogels are prepared via an emulsion polymerization technique. 33,35,36,38 PEI microgel applications can be as wide as being effective agents for the adsorption of heavy metals, 36,37 carbon dioxide, 36 and ionic dyes, 33 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors, 39 and bacterial growth inhibitors.…”

“…33,37 Commonly, PEI microgels and nanogels are prepared via an emulsion polymerization technique. 33,35,36,38 PEI microgel applications can be as wide as being effective agents for the adsorption of heavy metals, 36,37 carbon dioxide, 36 and ionic dyes, 33 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors, 39 and bacterial growth inhibitors. 40 Therefore, PEI has great potential as a parent material for the one-pot synthesis of PEI/SiO 2 particles capable of strong binding with a wide variety of ionic substances.…”