Stability of phenolic and protein measures in excised oak foliage

Kleiner, Karl W.

doi:10.1007/bf01402947

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…48 h on freshly excised red oak foliage (Kleiner, 1991), were weighed and one larva was placed on each seedling which was enclosed within a nylon mesh bag. 48 h on freshly excised red oak foliage (Kleiner, 1991), were weighed and one larva was placed on each seedling which was enclosed within a nylon mesh bag.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-Population Variation in Response of Red Oak Seedlings to Herbivory by Gypsy Moth Larvae

Byington¹,

Gottschalk²,

McGraw³

1994

American Midland Naturalist

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-Population Variation in Response of Red Oak Seedlings to Herbivory by Gypsy Moth Larvae

Byington¹,

Gottschalk²,

McGraw³

1994

American Midland Naturalist

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“…Foliage collected under similar conditions was shown to have stable protein and phenolic compound content for up to 2 days when kept hydrated under insect-rearing temperature conditions. From 3 to 4 days, protein and total phenolic levels were elevated reaching initial levels again 5 days after collection (Kleiner 1991). Although we do not know the stability of nutrients and allelochemicals in our leaf disk preparations, the standardised handling of our plant material assures that whatever changes might have taken place in the leaf disks were equally experienced by all our insect species.…”

Section: Experimental Insectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary mixing in three generalist herbivores: nutrient complementation or toxin dilution?

1999

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We reared larvae of three generalist insect species on plants occurring in their habitats. Individuals of each species were kept either on mixed diets, or on each plant species separately. We measured food plant preference in the mixed-diet group and compared insect performance on single plants to the performance on the mixed diet. For all three insect species, food choice within the mixed-diet groups was non-random and delivered the best overall performance, thus ful®lling the criteria for self-selected diets. When a single diet was as good as the mixed diet for one particular aspect of performance (Adenostyles alliariae and Petasites albus for Miramella alpina; A. alliariae for Callimorpha dominula), it was never the most preferred food plant in the mixed-diet treatment. Whether the bene®t achieved by mixing diets is due to nutrient complementation or toxin dilution, we argue that there is no easy way to distinguish between the two hypotheses on the basis of consumption and performance measurements, as has previously been proposed. From the interpretation of utilisation plots, the ANCOVA equivalent of nutritional indices, we were able to gain insight into where in the sequence from ingestion to growth (preingestive, predigestive or postdigestive) single diets caused di erences from mixed diets. The elements of this control system which were in¯uenced by single diets varied considerably, both within and between insect species. No food plant was toxic or deterrent to all experimental insect species; a food plant that caused consumption e ects (preingestive) for one insect species could be dealt with metabolically (postdigestive) by another; di erent food plants could cause behavioural e ects (preingestive), metabolic e ects (postdigestive), or a combination of both e ects, all within the same insect species. However, one generality did emerge: once a food was ingested, further growth-relevant e ects occurred metabolically (postdigestive) rather than via di erential egestion (digestibility).

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“…Previous studies documented the ecological roles played by these compounds but relatively few have investigated, in a rigorous manner, how compounds varied qualitatively and quantitatively among plant portions, individuals, locations, seasons, etc. (for exceptions see Ragan & biochemical activity (de Scisciolo et al 1990, Goodrich et al 1990, Kleiner 1991, heat (Cork & Krockenberger 1991, Newman et al 1992, light (Cork & Krockenberger 1991), vacuum (Hay et al 1988b), extraction solvent (Hagerman 1988, Carlson et al 1989, Muzika et al 1990, Cork gi Krockenberger 1991), drying procedure (Lindroth & Pajutee 1987, Hagerman 1988, Cork & Krockenberger 1991, and duration of extraction (Lindroth & Pajutee 1987, Zobel & Brown 1988. Enzymatic conversion of secondary metabolites can rapidly alter less active precursors to more potent deterrents (reviewed by Duffey & Felton 1989), having important ecological implications as in the case of activation of chemical defenses (Newman et al 1992, Paul & Van Alstyne 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of storage and extraction procedures on yields of lipophilic metabolites from the brown seaweeds Dictyota ciliolata and D. menstrualis

Cronin

Lindquist

Hay

et al. 1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Investigations focused on the ecological roles of m a n n e secondary metabolltes have become common, but manne ecologists have rarely assessed how methodologies used in sample preparation affect the extractability and stablhty of secondary metabolites and, thus measurements of intraspeclflc and interspeclflc compound vanance We assessed vanous procedures for storing, drylng, and extracting samples of 2 chenllcally defended brown seaweeds Dictyota cillolata and D menstrualis These plants contain the diterpenoid alcohols pachydictyol A dictyol B acetate and dlctyol E that are relatively stable under all test conditions In contrast, the related diterpenoid dlaldehyde dictyodlal decomposed when plant tissues or crude extracts were stored at -25'C for 13 to 27 wk or when tissues or extracts were freeze-dned or subjected to high vacuum (CO 01 torr) methods that are commonly used in studies of marine chemical ecology The stabihty of dictyodial was specles-specdlc, degrading more in D cillolata than in D menstrual~s Dunng a few extractions, dictyodial reacted with methanol (MeOH) to yleld a n artdact resulting from the addition of 2 molecules of MeOH per molecule of dlctyodial A mlxture of 2 1 dlchloromethane (DCM) and MeOH tended to extract the lipophlhc secondary metabolites better than MeOH or DCM alone Metabolltes were also afforded some protection agalnst degradation when fresh tissue was submerged In 2 1 DCM MeOH dunng storage at -25'C Results of thls inveshgation lndlcate that storage, extraction, and quantlflcation methods need to be o p t m z e d for analyses of individual compounds and that even ldentlcal compounds can behave differently when they occur in different specles

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Stability of phenolic and protein measures in excised oak foliage

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Within-Population Variation in Response of Red Oak Seedlings to Herbivory by Gypsy Moth Larvae

Within-Population Variation in Response of Red Oak Seedlings to Herbivory by Gypsy Moth Larvae

Dietary mixing in three generalist herbivores: nutrient complementation or toxin dilution?

Effects of storage and extraction procedures on yields of lipophilic metabolites from the brown seaweeds Dictyota ciliolata and D. menstrualis

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