Stability of Minimum Essential Medium functionality despite l-glutamine decomposition

Abstract

L-Glutamine (L-Gln) instability in liquid media is a well-known fact. Also, negative effect of ammonia, one of the L-Gln degradation products, on viability of many cell cultures and on replication of different viruses has been described. However, negative effects of ammonia have been reported in doses excessively exceeding those that could be generated in regularly used liquid culture media due to spontaneous L-Gln breakdown (below 2 mM). Traditional virus vaccine production processes have been established and registered involving L-Gln containing media use. Eventual culture media replacement in the regular production process belongs to the major regulative changes that require substantial financial expenses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage of Minimum Essential Media with Hanks salts on their relevant biological functions during virus vaccine production process in relation to L-Gln decrease. Our results show a cell type dependent effect of spontaneous L-Gln degradation during medium storage. They also suggest that for cell cultures used in measles, mumps, and rubella virus production the media retain their functionality in respect to cell viability or virus growth over a certain time window despite L-Gln degradation.

Amino Acid Assisted One‐Pot Green Synthesis of N‐Doped 3D Graphene for Ultrasensitive Neurochemical Sensing

“…Generally, side-chain group of amino acids with alkane, indole group, methylthio, guanidyl or hydroxyl group primarily incorporated pyrrolic N, such as alanine, tryptophan, methionine, arginine, and serine and side-chain with amino group or pyrrolidine primarily incorporated graphitic N, such as lysine and proline; and sulfhydryl-containing cysteine incorporated amino N; imidazole-containing histidine mainly brought about pyridinic N; however, although glutamine and asparagine have a similar structure, glutamine chiefly yielded graphitic N while asparagine chiefly yielded amino N. One of the possible reasons was glutamine having poor thermal stability, which lead to it spontaneous decomposition. [32][33] In this work, primarily two possible ways were contributed to achieve the nitrogen doped 3D graphene structures. On the one hand, C atom in the graphene oxide was replaced by N atom; [34] on the other hand, the doping mechanism could involve a two-step nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by a thermal elimination and chemical reduction of graphene oxide.…”

Effect of aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing amino acids on Leishmania spp. chemotaxis

“…L -glutamine (Q) was not further assayed due to its instability in liquid media and accumulation of toxic ammonia in culture systems (Jagušić et al . 2015). The area of the promastigotes is plotted in Fig.…”

“…Alanine affects swelling, whereas proline influences the rate of volume recovery. A neutral AA transporter seems to be the sole supplier for the intracellular pool of proline and alanine in Leishmania donovani (Barros et al 2006;Inbar et al 2013). This transporter is essential for cell volume regulation and controls the transport and homoeostasis of glutamate and arginine, none of which are its substrate.…”

Microfabricated Polymer-Metal Biosensors For Multifarious Data Collection From Electrogenic Cellular Models

“…Anti-L-Glutamine antibodies were selected for characterization, as L-Glutamine is a critical component in cell culture media 42 . As an example, it may nd use as a potential screening target during assays, because although it is a necessary component, it degrades readily into toxic ammonia, which may be utilized an indirect indication for necessary media changes 43 . As an alternate application, Rubin et al depict the importance of L-Glutamine in controlling cancer cell proliferation 44 .…”