“…A similar type of wear fragments in Cu-based friction material is seen in literature, which additionally confirms the wear mechanism. 18 Figure 14.The EDAX elemental mapping of the wear fragments collected after burnish test. EDAX: energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Figure 15.(a) and (b) Micrographs of large wear fragments that were collected after fade III.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, to investigate the stability of the copper-tin (Cu-Sn) brake pad, a series of 100 brake applications was applied repeatedly, and the coefficient of friction stability (a) was determined. 18 Then followed by fade II, recovery II and baseline II were carried out. In this study, a specially designed program was used to analyze the frictional behavior till 441 C, i.e.…”
Section: Friction Test Using Chase Test Machinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A similar type of wear fragments in Cu-based friction material is seen in literature, which additionally confirms the wear mechanism. 18 Silicate minerals in the brake pad have chipped off into smaller wear fragments from the surface. Owing to their brittleness and lower surface energy, they do not form a cluster.…”
Section: Wear Debris Analysis Using Sem-edax and Xrdmentioning
Copper-based sintered friction materials are most suitable for heavy-duty off-road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and military applications. This present study aims to investigate the tribological performance, dominating wear mechanism of an existing copper-tin sintered friction material that is being used in armoured fighting vehicle. The brake pad was tested as per IS 2742 using the chase test machine. Especially fade cycle was carried out till 441℃ to analyze the frictional response of the material. Physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were evaluated as per industrial standards. Morphological analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and wear debris analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominating wear mechanisms were found to be delamination and abrasive wear. The investigated results showed a less wear rate of 0.05 cm3/MJ. However, results seem to be better for high-energy applications by exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
“…A similar type of wear fragments in Cu-based friction material is seen in literature, which additionally confirms the wear mechanism. 18 Figure 14.The EDAX elemental mapping of the wear fragments collected after burnish test. EDAX: energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Figure 15.(a) and (b) Micrographs of large wear fragments that were collected after fade III.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, to investigate the stability of the copper-tin (Cu-Sn) brake pad, a series of 100 brake applications was applied repeatedly, and the coefficient of friction stability (a) was determined. 18 Then followed by fade II, recovery II and baseline II were carried out. In this study, a specially designed program was used to analyze the frictional behavior till 441 C, i.e.…”
Section: Friction Test Using Chase Test Machinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A similar type of wear fragments in Cu-based friction material is seen in literature, which additionally confirms the wear mechanism. 18 Silicate minerals in the brake pad have chipped off into smaller wear fragments from the surface. Owing to their brittleness and lower surface energy, they do not form a cluster.…”
Section: Wear Debris Analysis Using Sem-edax and Xrdmentioning
Copper-based sintered friction materials are most suitable for heavy-duty off-road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and military applications. This present study aims to investigate the tribological performance, dominating wear mechanism of an existing copper-tin sintered friction material that is being used in armoured fighting vehicle. The brake pad was tested as per IS 2742 using the chase test machine. Especially fade cycle was carried out till 441℃ to analyze the frictional response of the material. Physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were evaluated as per industrial standards. Morphological analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and wear debris analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominating wear mechanisms were found to be delamination and abrasive wear. The investigated results showed a less wear rate of 0.05 cm3/MJ. However, results seem to be better for high-energy applications by exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
“…Issues with uniformity of distribution of SiC particulates, residual porosity, formation of undesirable phases such as aluminum carbide, and high temperatures incurred during braking effectively limit their common use in brake systems [85]. The last feature is related to the high coefficient of friction when cooperating with other materials, and overheating may lead to material degradation [86]. Very important issue is related with MMC production techniques: liquidmetal-mixing processes (incorporation of reinforcement particles or short fibers into a molten or semi-solid aluminum matrix through a stirring process), liquid-metalinfiltration processes (molten aluminum or its alloy is moved into a preform of the reinforcement, either as a packed bed or a rigid, free-standing structure) and solidstate processes (e.g.…”
Brakes are one of the most important components of vehicle. The brake system must be reliable and display unchanging action throughout its use, as it guards the health and life of many people. Properly matched friction pair, a disc and brake pad (in disc brakes), have a great impact on these factors. In most cases, the disc is made of grey cast iron. The brake pads are far more complex components. New technologies make it possible to develop materials with various compositions and different proportions, and connect them permanently in fully controllable processes. This elaboration shows that all these factors have a greater or lesser impact on the coefficient of friction, resistance to friction wear and high temperature, and brake pad’s operating life. This review collects the most important, the most interesting, and the most unconventional materials used in production of brake pads, and characterizes their impact on the tribological properties of pads.
“…At the point when IBS exceeded the turning points, the weak subsurface neither retained Al 2 O 3 particles nor withstood intensive sliding contact. Energy, therefore, was easily dissipated by crack propagation and delamination (producing a new interface) [42], leading to the decline of ΔCOF (Fig. 6).…”
Section: Role Of Abrasives Under Different Ibsmentioning
To understand the effect of abrasives on increasing friction in Cu-based metallic pads under different braking speeds, pad materials with two typical abrasives, titanium carbide (TiC) and alumina (Al2O3), were produced and tested using a scale dynamometer under various initial braking speeds (IBS). The results showed that at IBS lower than 250 km/h, both TiC and Al2O3 particles acted as hard points and exhibited similar friction-increasing behavior, where the increase in friction was not only enhanced as IBS increased, but also enhanced by increasing the volume fraction of the abrasives. However, at higher IBS, the friction increase was limited by the bonding behavior between the matrix and abrasives. Under these conditions, the composite containing TiC showed a better friction-increasing effect and wear resistance than the composite containing Al2O3 because of its superior particle-matrix bonding and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility. Because of the poor interface bonding between the matrix and Al2O3, a transition phenomenon exists in the Al2O3-reinforced composite, in which the friction-increasing effect diminished when IBS exceeded a certain value.
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