Stability of May’s Host–Parasitoid model with variable stocking upon parasitoids
Abstract: Using the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Mozer (KAM) theory, we investigate the stability of May’s host–parasitoid model’s solutions with proportional stocking upon the parasitoid population. We show the existence of the extinction, boundary, and interior equilibrium points. When the host population’s intrinsic growth rate and the releasement coefficient are less than one, both populations are extinct. There are an infinite number of boundary equilibrium points, which are nonhyperbolic and stable. Under certain conditions,… Show more
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Cited by 2 publications
References 23 publications
We show the existence of unbounded solutions to difference equations of the form { x n + 1 = c ′ n x n B n y n , y n + 1 = b n x n + c n y n A n + C n y n f o r n = 0 , 1 , … , \left\{ {\matrix{{{x_{n + 1}} = {{{{c'}_n}{x_n}} \over {{B_n}{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {{{b_n}{x_n} + {c_n}{y_n}} \over {{A_n} + {C_n}{y_n}}}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots , where { c ′ n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{{c'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { B ′ n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{{B'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { b n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{b_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { c n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{c_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , and { A n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{A_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty are all bounded above and below by positive constants, and { C n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{C_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty is either bounded above and below by positive constants or is identically zero. In the latter case, we give an example which can be reduced to a system of the form { x n + 1 = x n y n , y n + 1 = x n + γ n y n f o r n = 0 , 1 , … , \left\{ {\matrix{ {{x_{n + 1}} = {{{x_n}} \over {{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {x_n} + {\gamma _n}{y_n}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots , where 0 < γ′ < γ n < γ < 1 for some constants γ and γ′ for all n. This provides a counterexample to the main result of the 2021 paper by Camouzis and Kotsios.
We show the existence of unbounded solutions to difference equations of the form { x n + 1 = c ′ n x n B n y n , y n + 1 = b n x n + c n y n A n + C n y n f o r n = 0 , 1 , … , \left\{ {\matrix{{{x_{n + 1}} = {{{{c'}_n}{x_n}} \over {{B_n}{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {{{b_n}{x_n} + {c_n}{y_n}} \over {{A_n} + {C_n}{y_n}}}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots , where { c ′ n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{{c'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { B ′ n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{{B'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { b n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{b_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , { c n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{c_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty , and { A n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{A_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty are all bounded above and below by positive constants, and { C n } n = 0 ∞ \left\{ {{C_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty is either bounded above and below by positive constants or is identically zero. In the latter case, we give an example which can be reduced to a system of the form { x n + 1 = x n y n , y n + 1 = x n + γ n y n f o r n = 0 , 1 , … , \left\{ {\matrix{ {{x_{n + 1}} = {{{x_n}} \over {{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {x_n} + {\gamma _n}{y_n}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots , where 0 < γ′ < γ n < γ < 1 for some constants γ and γ′ for all n. This provides a counterexample to the main result of the 2021 paper by Camouzis and Kotsios.
Stability analysis of solutions of certain May's host-parasitoid model by using KAM theory
<abstract><p>We use the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory to investigate the stability of solutions of a system of difference equations, a certain class of a generalized May's host-parasitoid model. We show the existence of the extinction, interior, and boundary equilibrium points and examine their stability. When the rate of increase of hosts is less than one, the zero equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, which means that both populations are extinct. We thoroughly describe the dynamics of 1:1 non-isolated resonance fixed points and have used the KAM theory to determine the stability of interior equilibrium point. Also, we have conducted several numerical simulations to support our findings by using the software package Mathematica.</p></abstract>
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