“…Furthermore, an additional disadvantage of carbon in nonaqueous LABs is that it is reactive with Li 2 O 2 and produces an interfacial layer of Li 2 CO 3 between carbon and Li 2 O 2 on the charge (oxidation) cycle. This reaction is believed to be responsible for the large overpotential/low efficiency and drives the charging voltage to higher than 4 V. , To overcome this drawback and to provide a low-cost and oxidation-resistant support/substrate, electronically conductive substitutes, including mesoporous silica, titanium oxide, boron carbide, Ni foam/mesh, titanium metal sheets, and stainless steel, have been explored. − …”