Simultaneous
sequestration and reduction of bichromate [Cr(VI)]
poses an attractive and practical fashion for treating Cr(VI)-contaminated
wastewater, for it not only immobilizes the pollutant but also reduces
its toxicity. To this end, an EDA-functionalized adsorbent (EDA@CMPS)
was developed with a simple one-step method by integrating ethylenediamine
(EDA, a reversible redox unit) onto the skeleton of chloromethylated
polystyrene adsorbent (CMPS), and it can sequestrate Cr(VI) and in
situ reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which was then immediately locked inside
the adsorbent phase. Batch experiments confirmed that EDA@CMPS had
a high removal capacity toward Cr(VI) (419 mg/g, at 25 °C), a
large proportion of which was reduced to Cr(III) without leaking into
the aqueous phase at pH ≥ 2. Ubiquitous anions (Cl–, NO3
–, SO4
2–, and H2PO4
–) and cations
(Mg2+ and Ca2+) have a certain effect on the
removal efficiencies, but EDA@CMPS still demonstrated satisfied Cr(VI)
removal even with the competing ions at 100-times higher concentration.
FT-IR and XPS analyses revealed that the amine group of EDA was responsible
for sequestrating and reducing Cr(VI), where the amine group was oxidized
into an imine group, which then played a key role in immobilizing
the generated Cr(III) via chelation. Attractively, even under neutral
conditions, EDA@CMPS also demonstrated decent removal and reduction
performance toward Cr(VI). Furthermore, the yielded imine group can
be perfectly restored to an amine group by simple alkali-acid treatment.
Repeated removal–regeneration cycles verified the reusability
of EDA@CMPS in treating Cr(VI) solution. Fixed-bed column experiments
and treatment of a real electroplating wastewater further validated
the potential of EDA@CMPS in treating Cr(VI) wastewater for practical
application.