Stability of emotions for traumatic memories in acute and chronic PTSD

Zoellner, Lori A.; Sacks, Matthew B.; Foa, Edna B.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00050-4

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, it has also been found to occur during highly positive events (Candel & Merckelbach, 2004). Of course, in the current study peritraumatic dissociation was measured retrospectively, which should be kept in mind when interpreting the results, as retrospective reports of peritraumatic dissociation may depend on present symptom severity (Marshall & Schell, 2002;Zoellner, Sacks, & Foa, 2001). Besides peritraumatic dissociation, PTSD and PDA patients also experienced depersonalization or derealization while remembering the traumatic event or panic attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A transdiagnostic comparison of trauma and panic memories in PTSD, panic disorder, and healthy controls

Hagenaars¹,

Minnen²,

Hoogduin³

et al. 2009

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A transdiagnostic comparison of trauma and panic memories in PTSD, panic disorder, and healthy controls

Hagenaars¹,

Minnen²,

Hoogduin³

et al. 2009

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…Although this is inconsistent with Roemer et al (1998) who found that helplessness was a superior predictor to fear and horror, it may be that the current subjective criterion is too narrow in the emotional reactions that it captures (Brewin et al, 2000) and the inclusion of reactions such as peritraumatic dissociation (e.g., Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003) or cognitive appraisals (e.g., Blanchard et al, 1995) may help to predict PTSD. However, retrospective reports of emotional reactions, such as peritraumatic dissociation, may be subject to reporting biases consistent with current symptom presentation (e.g., Southwick, Morgan, Nicolaou, & Charney, 1997;Zoellner, Sacks, & Foa, 2001). Further, it may be the intensity of the reaction that predicts PTSD and not the mere presence of the emotional response (Brewin et al, 2000;Roemer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of the A1 and A2 criteria in the diagnosis of PTSD

Bedard‐Gilligan

Zoellner

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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In the field of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the revisions to the DSM-IV definition of a potentially traumatic event are contentious. Proponents praise the subjective emphasis, while others contend that the changes to the criterion broadened the conceptualization of PTSD. This study examined the predictive utility of Criterion A events, examining the stressor (A1) and subjective emotional response (A2) components of the definition of a traumatic event. Rates of Criterion A events and PTSD were calculated for three diverse samples, and predictive power, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves were computed to determine the predictive utility of Criterion A requirements for PTSD symptom, duration, and functional impairment diagnostic criteria. Across all samples the current Criterion A requirements did not predict much better than chance. Specifically, A2 reports added little to the predictive ability of an A1 stressor, though the absence of A2 predicted the absence of PTSD-related symptoms, their duration, and impairment. Notably, the combination of three A1 and A2 criteria showed the best prediction. Confronted events also showed less predictive ability than experienced events, with more variable performance across samples. These results raise fundamental questions about the threshold or "gate" that Criterion A ought to play in our current nosology.

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“…Retrospective studies measure peritraumatic dissociation at the same time as PTSD SOMATOFORM DISSOCIATION AND INTRUSIONS 945 symptoms, which is problematic as memory is influenced by many factors, like forgetting, attribution of symptoms, over-reporting, and malingering (Candel & Merckelbach, 2004). Indeed, recall of peritraumatic dissociation can be unstable over time, and changes in recall of peritraumatic dissociation are highly correlated with changes in PTSD (Marshall & Schell, 2002;Zoellner, Sacks, & Foa, 2001). Prospective studies can overcome these problems, but some fail to control for initial PTSD symptoms or trait dissociation (a relatively stable tendency to experience dissociative symptoms), so the extent to which peritraumatic dissociation is an independent predictor of PTSD is unclear (Candel & Merckelbach, 2004).…”

Section: Peritraumatic Dissociation and Ptsd Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%