Stability of biomass-derived black carbon in soils

Liang, Biqing; Lehmann, Johannes; Solomon, Daniel; Sohi, Saran; Thies, Janice E.; Skjemstad, J. O.; Luizão, Flávio J.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Neves, Eduardo G.; Wirick, S.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.028

Cited by 317 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…29). Spectroscopic characterization shows that combustion temperature affects the degree of aromaticity and the size of aromatic sheets, which in turn determine short-term mineralization rates 22,[34][35][36] . To reconcile the observations of decomposability with the old radiocarbon ages of fire-derived carbon deposits 37,38 , it has been suggested that physical protection and interactions with soil minerals play a significant part in black-carbon stability over long periods of time 39 .…”

Section: Soil Humic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Schmidt

Torn

Abiven

et al. 2011

Nature

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4,623

106

3,153

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Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily-and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.Understanding soil biogeochemistry is essential to the stewardship of ecosystem services provided by soils, such as soil fertility (for food, fibre and fuel production), water quality, resistance to erosion and climate mitigation through reduced feedbacks to climate change. Soils store at least three times as much carbon (in SOM) as is found in either the atmosphere or in living plants 1 . This major pool of organic carbon is sensitive to changes in climate or local environment, but how and on what timescale will it respond to such changes? The feedbacks between soil organic carbon and climate are not fully understood, so we are not fully able to answer these questions 2-7 , but we can explore them using numerical models of soil-organic-carbon cycling. We can not only simulate feedbacks between climate change and ecosystems, but also evaluate management options and analyse carbon sequestration and biofuel strategies. These models, however, rest on some assumptions that have been challenged and even disproved by recent research arising from new isotopic, spectroscopic and molecularmarker techniques and long-term field experiments.Here we describe how recent evidence has led to a framework for understanding SOM cycling, and we highlight new approaches that could lead us to a new generation of soil carbon models, which could better reflect observations and inform predictions and policies.

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Section: Soil Humic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Schmidt

Torn

Abiven

et al. 2011

Nature

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4,623

106

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“…As biological materials decompose, gases of greenhouse, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH 4 (methane), are released into the atmosphere. Through carbonizing the biological sustenance, a lot of the carbon (C) becomes "steady" into additional unchanging constant form, and when the outputting biochar is applying to soils, (C) carbon is efficiently isolated or sequestered [29]. It is assessed that employ of this technique to "tie up" (C) carbon has the possibility to decrease current universal carbon releases or emissions by more than10% [30].…”

Section: Environmental Benefits and Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore biochar has a long-lasting effect in soil, and that beneficial effects improve over time. Studies lab employing the modern methods evaluate that biochar has a mean residence time in soils to many thousand years [29] [107]. Biochar can be applied to soil by hand or using conventional machinery such as manure spreaders and lime, and should be thoroughly incorporated into the soil by tillage.…”

Section: Biochar Application To Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paper: The Fundamentals of Biochar as a Soil Amendment Tool and Management in Agriculture Scope: An Overview for Farmers and Gardeners

Shareef¹,

Zhao²

2017

JACEN

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Improving the soil and biomass with coal is estimated at the international level as a way to enhance soil productiveness, fertility and also to mitigate climate change. Biochar employed to improve land scope and impound carbon, is attracting a great deal of attention. Its characteristics of chemical, physical and biological properties, containing big surface area, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), high water-holding capacity, size of pore, volume, distribution, and element composition, affect its recognized influences, particularly on microbial communities. These are discovered in the agriculture lands, lands remediation and composting. However, incomplete information existed about biochar for several farmers or peasants in agriculture scope. Therefore, farmers or peasants and gardeners are facing new opportunities and defiance each day, from feeding global extending and expanding population, whilst meeting severe new emissions requirements, to create more food on fewer land area while reducing their environmental emissions. Widespread application and utilization of biochar in agricultural scope, forestry production, energy, environmental protection and additional areas, has interested awareness by scientists and investigators inside and/or outside the country. The objective of this paper is to provide a guide for the farmers or peasants and gardeners with an essential information about biochar and what the ability of biochar can be achieved in the soil, and which can provide the scientific reference for the biochar application, and to get high yield and good quality of crops in all of different soils.

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“…As SOM decomposition rates in temperate regions are slower, mean residence time for biochar can be assumed to be higher in European soils. Controlled biochar decomposition experiments revealed a mean residence time in soils between 1,300 to 4,000 years (Cheng et al, 2008;Liang et al, 2008;Kuzyakov et al, 2009). Management practices such as tillage and addition of labile C (e.g.…”

Section: How Long Will Biochar Survive In Soil?mentioning

confidence: 99%