Stability of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends: Interim Report

McCormick, Robert L.; Alleman, Teresa L.; Waynick, J. A.; Westbrook, S. R.; Porter, S.

doi:10.2172/881920

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Biodiesel, with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, exhibits better oxidation stability than biodiesel rich in esters of unsaturated fatty acids 6‐8 . The average induction time period of an oxidation reaction in biodiesel is around 0.2 to 9.4 hours by Rancimat test 9 . The oxidation stability property influences the storage time, resulting in the change of fuel property, such as viscosity and acidity, or gums, and sediment formation because of oxidation products 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

et al. 2020

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Summary Oxidation stability is an important biodiesel property. One of the methods to improve oxidation stability is partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl esters (H‐FAME). The present research studied the novel production technique of H‐FAME derived from soybean FAME using non‐thermal parallel‐plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. This green hydrogenation method does not require a catalyst and can be performed under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. The reaction using DBD plasma could effectively initiate the hydrogenation reaction, and the results showed similar performance to catalysis technique. The optimized process parameters for 35 mL of FAME were 25% H2, 5.5 hours of reaction time, and ambient temperature. This condition exhibited the highest conversion of polyunsaturated FAMEs (C18:2 and C18:3) and the highest yield of C18:1. DBD plasma hydrogenation resulted in the reduction of iodine value from 128 to 67.4. The oxidation stability was enhanced from 2.13 to 10 hours while the cloud point increased from −1°C to 11°C (still within the ASTM D6751 standard). This plasma process is a new alternative and eco‐friendly method for H‐FAME production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

et al. 2020

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“…For all samples with an IP of less than 6 hours, it was impossible to determine if the samples were "fresh" or "aged." In "aged" Bxx blends, the IP begins to drop as the fuel ages [11]. Using the current specification, 75% of the B20 samples would be on-specification.…”

Section: Standard Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biodiesel Blends Samples Collected in the United States in 2008 (Revised)

Alleman¹,

Fouts²,

McCormick³

2010

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In the summer of 2008, NREL conducted a nationwide survey of the quality of B20, a blended fuel consisting of about 20 volume percent (vol%) biodiesel and 80 vol% petroleum diesel. Thirty-three samples were collected prior to the announcement of a new ASTM specification, D7467, for B6−B20. The B20 samples were tested against multiple properties-those included in the eventual D7467 specification and other properties of interest. Because this study preceded the announcement of the specification, the samples could not be termed "on" or "off" specification.Previous NREL surveys have shown that biodiesel blending has been problematic, because the samples have been almost evenly distributed above and below B20. In this survey, only 60% of the samples were nominally B20 (i.e., B18−B22), and the majority of the rest of the samples contained less biodiesel, typically B2, B5, and B10. Two samples contained over 20 vol% biodiesel, likely the result of poor blending.The induction period (IP) stability and acid value (AV) are key parameters in the quality of a Bxx blend. Although the D7467 specification was not applicable at the time of sample collection, 25% of the samples were below the 6-hour proposed limit. It is noteworthy that the average IP, 8.4 hours, was well above the 6-hour limit. Every sample but one met the proposed AV specification of 0.3 mgKOH/g, a low failure rate similar to that of previous NREL surveys.The minimum flash point of Bxx blends is allowed to vary depending on the type of diesel fuel used and the cloud point of the blend. The average cloud point was -12.6°C, and the samples all readily met the flash point minimum of 38°C. The B20 samples all met the sulfur limit of 15 ppm, except for one sample that was likely contaminated. The range of cetane number for the blends was 46 to 52.The current specification contains a combined water and sediment value, although there is interest in separating these parameters into Karl Fisher water and particulate contamination. As expected by its polar nature, biodiesel will have a higher water saturation point than that of diesel fuel. The average Karl Fisher water content of the B20 samples was 130 ppm, about 30% higher than that of conventional diesel fuel. Almost all the samples showed very low particulate contamination except one, which was likely contaminated during collection. The metal content of the blends was also low, although the amount of sodium in one sample would not have allowed the B100 to meet the D6751 specification.

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“…The fuel ' s oxidation stability (McCormick et al ., 2006 ;Miyata et al ., 2004 ), its compatibility with the vehicle fuel injection equipment, its propensity to form deposits (Caprotti et al ., 2007 ), and the effects of fuel dilution on the engine lubricant (Thornton, 2009 ) also vary signifi cantly with the composition of the FAME. Bespoke additives are required for specifi c blend compositions, making the task of ensuring fuel compliance with the vehicle fl eet a complex task.…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%