Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions

Jablonský, Michal; Šíma, Jozef

doi:10.3390/molecules25245815

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We can talk about a more significant stabilization of acid lignin-containing paper. The effectiveness of the stabilization process can be evaluated as the coefficient of the relative increase of the lifetime for observed properties, in this case folding endurance (S τ,ω ) [13,26,28]. It was determined as a linear regression of the logarithm of the folding endurance.…”

Section: Folding Endurancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of halogenides [8,9] and phenols [10] was also experimentally verified and studied. In this paper, we present a different approach: the introduction of multifunctional modification systems (MMS) [11][12][13], which allows us to solve the problem of documents, books, and other paper objects aging in a comprehensive mode, concerning ongoing degradation mechanisms (oxidation, acid hydrolysis) and consequences of degradation. In our previous work [10], we have dealt with the research and development of new stabilization systems of paper objects based on the latest knowledge from the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Protection of Paper Heritage Objects with 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine

et al. 2023

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In protecting cultural heritage, deacidification is used to stabilize acidic papers, ensuring the neutralization of acids present in the paper. But in the process of aging, several mechanisms of degradation occur simultaneously. Therefore, substances used to stabilize the paper should contain an antioxidant component in addition to the deacidifying component. The effect of the antioxidant (hindered amine light stabilizers—HALS type) on the stabilization of lignin-containing acid papers during accelerated aging was studied in this work. The effective deacidification component was magnesium; the solvent was hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine series of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) was selected as appropriate for creating a modifying system based on HMDSO. The modification system was tested on samples of a model test acid lignin-containing paper (NOVO) and naturally aged acidic paper from the real book. The addition of substances to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH during aging and provides the inhibition of the oxidative degradation products and stabilization of the cellulose degree of polymerization. It was confirmed that the application of the system containing deacidification and an antioxidant component may increase the effectiveness of the protection of acid groundwood paper heritage objects. Adding a tested antioxidant to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH value for a long time in accelerated aging.

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Section: Folding Endurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Protection of Paper Heritage Objects with 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine

et al. 2023

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“…Previous studies showed that Al(III) ions, present in the paper due to alum-rosin sizing, responsible for increased acidity in the papers, are homogeneously dispersed throughout the paper mass, which is a consequence of the internal sizing of the paper (Jablonský and Šima 2020). Therefore, for the efficiency of deacidification, the distribution of alkaline compounds throughout the book paper matrix has been proven to be highly important (Buchanan et al 1994;Ahn et al 2012a).…”

Section: Distribution Of Mg-rich Particles On the Surface And In The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bookkeeper mass deacidification based on historical book papers

2022

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Bookkeeper, the most widely used deacidification process based on MgO particles, was systematically evaluated on two sets of nonvaluable historical paper samples. Established analytical methods, such as pH and alkaline reserve determination, were used, as well as SEM EDS analyses to evaluate the distribution of Mg-rich particles on the paper surface and in the cross-section of the paper. The degradation rate constants of untreated and deacidified paper samples after accelerated thermal degradation were calculated based on weight average molecular mass determination to evaluate the lifetime extension of paper. The efficiency factors determined after accelerated thermal degradation of untreated and treated paper showed that paper lifetime prolongation after Bookkeeper deacidification treatment is highly limited for most of the investigated paper samples. No correlation was found between the alkaline reserve content or the pH and the degradation rate constants of the deacidified paper samples, but the paper degradation rate correlated with the paper samples pH before deacidification treatment. SEM EDS analysis showed that Mg-rich particles remained on the paper surface, which explains the limited effectiveness of the treatment. Graphical abstract

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“…immediately after the production of the paper. The paper always contains a water; thus, the acid catalysed degradation has proceeded more rapidly (Jablonský et al 2020; Jablonský and Šima 2020; Jablonský and Šima 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two level deacidification mathematical model for the description of transport of solid alkaline particles and diffusion of ions in a treated acid paper

Danielik

Králik

Ambrová

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The industrial progress in papermaking in the early 19th century led to the technologies resulting in more acidic papers, which was caused mainly by exploitation of alum (KAl(SO4)2) and rosin. Papers prepared by such technologies have degraded more quickly. From the 1930 various deacidification and preservation processes with basic agents have been developed. The most widespread deacidification process is with the aerosol (spray system) consisting of microscale particles MgO and perfluoroheptane (PFH) as a carrier (the so-called Bookkeeper process). The shortcomings of this process are low dissolution of solid MgO particles and transport to the interior of acidic paper. We have developed a theoretical two-level model of the Bookkeeper process suitable for prediction of deacidification extent. The model involves both the dissolution/reaction of the solid particles and transport of solvated ions and solid particles inside the bulk of paper. The developed model coincides with the results of the performed deacidification experiment. The model is also in good agreement with the Lucas-Washburn equation which is usually used for description of the penetration of a deacidifying agent into the paper.

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Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Antioxidant Protection of Paper Heritage Objects with 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine

Antioxidant Protection of Paper Heritage Objects with 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine

Evaluation of Bookkeeper mass deacidification based on historical book papers

Two level deacidification mathematical model for the description of transport of solid alkaline particles and diffusion of ions in a treated acid paper

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