Stability of African swine fever virus on heat‐treated field crops

Fischer, Melina; Mohnke, Maarten; Probst, Carolina; Pikalo, Jutta; Conraths, Franz Josef; Beer, Martin; Blome, Sandra

doi:10.1111/tbed.13650

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To detect infectious virus, samples were tested using the haemadsorption test (HAT) as published previously [ 37 ]. When cytotoxicity of samples was observed, these were prediluted 10-fold in medium and tested again.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent study estimated that the half-life of infectious ASFV ranges from 0.65 days in faeces stored at 4 °C to 0.29 days in faeces stored at 37 °C, and from 2.19 days in urine stored at 4 °C to 0.41 days in urine stored at 37 °C [ 36 ]. Regarding contaminated field crops, the probability of ASFV transmission has been estimated as low, if crops are stored in a dry place at room temperature for at least two hours [ 37 ]. ASFV is resistant to changes in pH, and certain strains have been reported to be resistant to complete inactivation at pH values between 4 and 13 [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Carcasses of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Experimentally Infected with the ASFV “Estonia 2014” Isolate

Fischer

Hühr

Blome

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Europe is currently experiencing a long-lasting African swine fever (ASF) epidemic, both in domestic pigs and wild boar. There is great concern that carcasses of infected wild boar may act as long-term virus reservoirs in the environment. We evaluated the tenacity of ASF virus (ASFV) in tissues and body fluids from experimentally infected domestic pigs and wild boar, which were stored on different matrices and at different temperatures. Samples were analysed at regular intervals for viral genome and infectious virus. ASFV was most stable in spleen or muscles stored at −20 °C and in blood stored at 4 °C. In bones stored at −20 °C, infectious virus was detected for up to three months, and at 4 °C for up to one month, while at room temperature (RT), no infectious virus could be recovered after one week. Skin stored at −20 °C, 4 °C and RT remained infectious for up to three, six and three months, respectively. In urine and faeces, no infectious virus was recovered after one week, irrespective of the matrix. In conclusion, tissues and organs from decomposing carcasses that persist in the environment for a long time can be a source of infection for several months, especially at low temperatures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Carcasses of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Experimentally Infected with the ASFV “Estonia 2014” Isolate

Fischer

Hühr

Blome

et al. 2020

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, a study [5] conducted on ASF in Latvia suggested that fresh grass or crops contaminated by wild boars and used as feed had been a risk factor for ASF occurrence in backyard holdings. In their recent study, Fischer et al [54] took six different types of ASF-contaminated field crops (wheat, barley, rye, triticale, corn, and peas) and tested the efficacy of drying and heat treatment towards the inactivation of ASFV. They analysed samples for the presence of viral DNA and infectious virus after drying at room temperature or at moderate temperature (between 40 • C and 75 • C).…”

Section: Human Activity Factors and Farm Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

et al. 2021

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African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs and wild boars that could lead to serious economic losses for the entire European pork industry. As no effective treatment or vaccination is available, disease prevention and control rely on strictly enforced biosecurity measures tailored to the specific risk factors of ASF introduction within domestic pig populations. Here, we present a review addressing the risk factors associated with different European pig farming systems in the context of the actual epidemiological scenario. A list of keywords was combined into a Boolean query, “African swine fever” AND (“Risk factors” OR “Transmission” OR “Spread” OR “Pig farming” OR “Pigs” OR “Wild boars”); was run on 4 databases; and resulted in 52 documents of interest being reviewed. Based on our review, each farming system has its own peculiar risk factors: commercial farms, where best practices are already in place, may suffer from unintentional breaches in biosecurity, while backyard and outdoor farms may suffer from poor ASF awareness, sociocultural factors, and contact with wild boars. In the literature selected for our review, human-related activities and behaviours are presented as the main risks, but we also stress the need to implement biosecurity measures also tailored to risks factors that are specific for the different pig farming practices in the European Union (EU).

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“…Furthermore, the manufacturing process of SDPP in US and EU includes the step of storage of the final packed spray-dried product at 20°C for 14 days [ 4 ]. Recently Fischer et al [ 38 ], demonstrated that ASFV inoculated on SDPP and stored at room temperature (20°C) for 14 days was inactivated by more than 5 logs. The combination of these various process control steps reduces the risk of ASFV transmission through SDPP to essentially zero, as already recognized by ANSES [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spray-drying and ultraviolet C radiation as biosafety steps for CSFV and ASFV inactivation in porcine plasma

et al. 2021

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Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) is widely used in diets of domestic animals to improve health status and increase growth and feed efficiency. Individual steps in the SDAP manufacturing process, including spray-drying, have been validated to inactivate potential pathogens. Manufacturing standards have established a minimum exit temperature of 80°C and a minimum post-drying storage period of 14 days at 20°C for production of SDAP. Also, UV-C irradiation has been evaluated as another inactivation step that could be included in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to assess the inactivation effectiveness of spray-drying on Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) and the effect of UV-C inactivation on ASFV as redundant biosafety steps of the manufacturing process for producing spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). This study demonstrated that UV-C treatment of liquid porcine plasma can inactivate more than 4 Log10 TCID50/mL of ASFV at 3000 J/L. Spray-drying effectively inactivated at least 4 Log10 TCID50/mL of both CSFV and ASFV. Incorporating UV-C technology within the SDAP manufacturing process can add another biosafety step to further enhance product safety.

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Stability of African swine fever virus on heat‐treated field crops

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Carcasses of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Experimentally Infected with the ASFV “Estonia 2014” Isolate

Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Carcasses of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Experimentally Infected with the ASFV “Estonia 2014” Isolate

A Review of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Incursion in Pig Farming within the European Union Scenario

Effect of spray-drying and ultraviolet C radiation as biosafety steps for CSFV and ASFV inactivation in porcine plasma

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