Stability of a Bird Community in Southern Finland

Solonen, Tapio

doi:10.2307/3676859

Cited by 29 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Earlier findings have suggested that avoidance of the eagle owl might affect the spatial structure of the assemblage of the species studied [16]. The northern goshawk did not display such an effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In addition to the considerable overlap in their diets [28,29], these three species occupy a wide range of similar habitats, although their preferences differ to some degree. Eagle owls occupy various kinds of semiopen habitats in the study area, while northern goshawks prefer old spruce forests and tawny owls opt for rich deciduous and mixed forests, preferably near eutrophic waters [16]. The birds' preferred territories are obviously their traditional ones, but the preference order of locations is not as obvious.…”

Section: The Guild Of Birds Of Prey Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The present study examined interspecific relationships between territorial birds or pairs of the eagle owl, the northern goshawk and the tawny owl, both before and during breeding of the subdominant species within a guild of birds of prey that included six other species with more or less overlapping diets [16]. In addition to the considerable overlap in their diets [28,29], these three species occupy a wide range of similar habitats, although their preferences differ to some degree.…”

Section: The Guild Of Birds Of Prey Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6,15]). Predation avoidance might be a local form of adaptation that results from the long-term and persistent coexistence of highly site-*Address correspondence to this author at the Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, Neitsytsaarentie 7b B 147, FI-00960 Helsinki, Finland; Tel: +358-41-4602101; E-mail: tapio.solonen@pp.inet.fi tenacious and potentially long-lived species, as well as the generally limited availability of suitable nest sites [16] (cf. also [10]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of these species is considerably affected by direct or indirect human influence. The eagle owl suffered a previous decline due to heavy persecution [26] but its population later increased thanks to its improved protection status, the super-abundant food supply provided by the rat populations of rubbish dumps, and the increase of open foraging habitats in clearfelled forests, which also provided an increased number of potential nest sites [16,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Dominant Predators on Territory Occupancy and Reproduction of Subdominant Ones within a Guild of Birds of Prey

Solonen¹

2011

TOOENIJ

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Abstract:The study upon which this article is based examined the interspecific relationships between three differentsized species, both before and during breeding, within a guild of birds of prey in southern Finland between 1997 and 2007. The study sought to examine how the territory occupancy and fledgling production of the smaller (subdominant) species was related to the vicinity of a larger (dominant) species. Inverse relationships were thought to suggest effects of potential intraguild predation. Three key relationships emerged. Firstly, the vicinity of the dominant eagle owl had no significant effect on the occupancy of nesting territories of the subdominant northern goshawk, while the fledgling production of the goshawk increased as the distance from the dominant owl species increased. Secondly, a significant positive relationship was found between the occupancy of the nearest neighbour nesting territories of the eagle owl and the tawny owl. However, the vicinity of the eagle owl had no significant effect on tawny owl reproduction. Thirdly, the occupation of tawny owl territories showed a nearly significant association with the nesting territories of the northern goshawk. However, no significant relationship was found between the vicinity of nearest neighbour nesting territories of the northern goshawk and fledgling production of the tawny owl. The results of this study suggest that depressing reflections of intraguild predation may be expected when the populations of guild members share similar nest sites or if the nest sites of subdominant members of the guild are accessible for dominant members, or in locally unstable populations of less site-tenacious species that show rapid turnover of individuals rather than in strictly site-tenacious longterm territorial species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: The Guild Of Birds Of Prey Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Guild Of Birds Of Prey Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of Dominant Predators on Territory Occupancy and Reproduction of Subdominant Ones within a Guild of Birds of Prey

Solonen¹

2011

TOOENIJ

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Competitive interactions and resource partitioning between northern spotted owls and barred owls in western Oregon

Wiens

Anthony

Forsman

2014

Wildlife Monographs

122

239

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The federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is the focus of intensive conservation efforts that have led to much forested land being reserved as habitat for the owl and associated wildlife species throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Recently, however, a relatively new threat to spotted owls has emerged in the form of an invasive competitor: the congeneric barred owl (S. varia). As barred owls have rapidly expanded their populations into the entire range of the northern spotted owl, mounting evidence indicates that they are displacing, hybridizing with, and even killing spotted owls. The range expansion by barred owls into western North America has made an already complex conservation issue even more contentious, and a lack of information on the ecological relationships between the 2 species has hampered recovery efforts for northern spotted owls. We investigated spatial relationships, habitat use, diets, survival, and reproduction of sympatric spotted owls and barred owls in western Oregon, USA, during 2007USA, during -2009. Our overall objective was to determine the potential for and possible consequences of competition for space, habitat, and food between these previously allopatric owl species. Our study included 29 spotted owls and 28 barred owls that were radio-marked in 36 neighboring territories and monitored over a 24-month period. Based on repeated surveys of both species, the number of territories occupied by pairs of barred owls in the 745-km 2 study area (82) greatly outnumbered those occupied by pairs of spotted owls (15). Estimates of mean size of home ranges and core-use areas of spotted owls (1,843 ha and 305 ha, respectively) were 2-4 times larger than those of barred owls (581 ha and 188 ha, respectively). Individual spotted and barred owls in adjacent territories often had overlapping home ranges, but interspecific space sharing was largely restricted to broader foraging areas in the home range with minimal spatial overlap among coreuse areas. We used an information-theoretic approach to rank discrete-choice models representing alternative hypotheses about the influence of forest conditions, topography, and interspecific interactions on species-specific patterns of nighttime resource selection. Spotted owls spent a disproportionate amount of time foraging on steep slopes in ravines dominated by old (>120 yr) conifer trees. Barred owls used available forest types more evenly than spotted owls, and were most strongly associated with patches of large hardwood and conifer trees that occupied relatively flat areas along streams. Spotted and barred owls differed in the relative use of old conifer forest (greater for spotted owls) and slope conditions (steeper slopes for spotted owls), but we found no evidence that the 2 species differed in their use of young, mature, and riparian-hardwood forest types. Mean overlap in proportional use of different forest types between individual spotted owls and barred owls in adjacent territories was 81% (range ¼ 30...

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Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400–500 million tons of prey annually

Nyffeler

Şekercioğlu

Whelan

2018

Sci Nat

100

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In this paper, we present an estimate of the predation impact of the global population of insectivorous birds based on 103 (for the most part) published studies of prey consumption (kg ha−1 season−1) of insectivorous birds in seven biome types. By extrapolation—taking into account the global land cover of the various biomes—an estimate of the annual prey consumption of the world’s insectivorous birds was obtained. We estimate the prey biomass consumed by the world’s insectivorous birds to be somewhere between 400 and 500 million metric tons year−1, but most likely at the lower end of this range (corresponding to an energy consumption of ≈ 2.7 × 1018 J year−1 or ≈ 0.15% of the global terrestrial net primary production). Birds in forests account for > 70% of the global annual prey consumption of insectivorous birds (≥ 300 million tons year−1), whereas birds in other biomes (savannas and grasslands, croplands, deserts, and Arctic tundra) are less significant contributors (≥ 100 million tons year−1). Especially during the breeding season, when adult birds feed their nestlings protein-rich prey, large numbers of herbivorous insects (i.e., primarily in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera) supplemented by spiders are captured. The estimates presented in this paper emphasize the ecological and economic importance of insectivorous birds in suppressing potentially harmful insect pests on a global scale—especially in forested areas.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00114-018-1571-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Stability of a Bird Community in Southern Finland

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of Dominant Predators on Territory Occupancy and Reproduction of Subdominant Ones within a Guild of Birds of Prey

Impact of Dominant Predators on Territory Occupancy and Reproduction of Subdominant Ones within a Guild of Birds of Prey

Competitive interactions and resource partitioning between northern spotted owls and barred owls in western Oregon

Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400–500 million tons of prey annually

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