Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures

Khateeb, Abdulrahman A.; Guiberti, Thibault F.; Wang, Guoqing; Boyette, Wesley R.; Younes, Mourad; Jamal, Aqil; Roberts, William L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.036

Cited by 101 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…It is an encouraging result that operation at appropriate fuel equivalence ratios would result in lower environmental impact than the methane control. This is especially true if coupled with the finding of the influence of higher pressure (Khateeb et al, 2021) and the presence of water in the feed (Ariemma et al, 2020) on NO x emissions. One of the significant findings in previous studies (Angeles et al, 2018;Bicer and Dincer, 2018a) is that the nitrogen footprint is increased if ammonia is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The possibility of influencing NO x emissions by controlling the equivalence ratio (Sun et al, 2021) and by the addition of water (Ariemma et al, 2020) has been explored. Ammonia has a low flame speed and, therefore, for sustained combustion, ammonia has had to be fed with other fuels like coal (Yamamoto et al, 2018) or natural gas (Khateeb et al, 2021) have had to be fed with the ammonia. These factors offset some of the advantages of using ammonia as a fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Razón

Valera‐Medina

2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Ammonia has been proposed as a replacement for fossil fuels. Like hydrogen, emissions from the combustion of ammonia are carbon-free. Unlike hydrogen, ammonia is more energy dense, less explosive, and there exists extensive experience in its distribution. However, ammonia has a low flame speed and combustion emits nitrogen oxides. Ammonia is produced via the Haber-Bosch process which consumes large amounts of fossil fuels and requires high temperatures and pressures. A life cycle assessment to determine potential environmental advantages and disadvantages of using ammonia is necessary. In this work, emissions data from experiments with generating heat from tangential swirl burners using ammonia cofired with methane employing currently available technologies were utilized to estimate the environmental impacts that may be expected. Seven ammonia sources were combined with two methane sources to create 14 scenarios. The impacts from these 14 scenarios were compared to those expected from using pure methane. The results show that using ammonia from present-day commercial production methods will result in worse global warming potentials than using methane to generate the same amount of heat. Only two scenarios, methane from biogas combined with ammonia from hydrogen from electricity and nuclear power via electrolysis and subsequent ammonia synthesis using nitrogen from the air, showed reductions in global warming potential. Subsequent analysis of other environmental impacts for these two scenarios showed potentially lower impacts for respiratory organics, terrestrial acidification-nutrification and aquatic acidification depending on how the burner is operated. The other eight environmental impacts were worse than the methane scenario because of activities intrinsic to the generation of electricity via wind power and nuclear fission. The results show that generating heat from a tangential swirl burner using ammonia currently available technologies will not necessarily result in improved environmental benefits in all categories. Improvements in renewable energy technologies could change these results positively. Other means of producing ammonia and improved means of converting ammonia to energy must continue to be explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Razón

Valera‐Medina

2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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“…It is clear that some trade-off between NO and N 2 O emissions exist and this topic is receiving a great amount of attention. Recently, stability limits and exhaust NO emissions of premixed ammonia-hydrogen-air swirled flames were measured in a laboratory-scale burner for a wide range of pressure, up to 5 bar [27]. The full range of ammonia fractions in the fuel was investigated.…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Combustion Strategies in Gas Turbines for Propulsion and Power Generation toward a Zero-Emissions Future: Fuels, Burners, and Combustion Techniques

et al. 2021

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The effects of climate change and global warming are arising a new awareness on the impact of our daily life. Power generation for transportation and mobility as well as in industry is the main responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, currently, 80% of the energy is still produced by combustion of fossil fuels; thus, great efforts need to be spent to make combustion greener and safer than in the past. For this reason, a review of the most recent gas turbines combustion strategy with a focus on fuels, combustion techniques, and burners is presented here. A new generation of fuels for gas turbines are currently under investigation by the academic community, with a specific concern about production and storage. Among them, biofuels represent a trustworthy and valuable solution in the next decades during the transition to zero carbon fuels (e.g., hydrogen and ammonia). Promising combustion techniques explored in the past, and then abandoned due to their technological complexity, are now receiving renewed attention (e.g., MILD, PVC), thanks to their effectiveness in improving the efficiency and reducing emissions of standard gas turbine cycles. Finally, many advances are illustrated in terms of new burners, developed for both aviation and power generation. This overview points out promising solutions for the next generation combustion and opens the way to a fast transition toward zero emissions power generation.

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“…So optimal operating conditions and combustor design is required to achieve efficient combustion and

{NO}_{x}

reduction. Swirling is utilized to promote clean and efficient combustion in a variety of practical applications, including utility boilers, gas turbine systems, and automobile furnaces 24‐28 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swirling is utilized to promote clean and efficient combustion in a variety of practical applications, including utility boilers, gas turbine systems, and automobile furnaces. [24][25][26][27][28] Pugh et al 29 studied the effect of steam addition and combustor operating conditions on the NH 3 /H 2 mixture's NO x characteristics in a turbulent swirl burner. Results show that the NO x emissions significantly depend on the equivalence ratio, and a lower concentration of NO x is detected at fuel-rich conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical kinetic analysis on influence of hydrogen enrichment on the combustion characteristics of ammonia air using newly proposed reaction model

Singh

Dash

Reddy

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary In recent years, ammonia has shown great potential for future green fuel. However, ammonia combustion is a challenging task due to its narrow flammability limit, low flame speed, and slow kinetics compared with conventional hydrocarbon fuels. The blending of ammonia with higher reactive fuel such as hydrogen seems a novel alternative to overcome these difficulties. So, a comprehensive study of NH3/H2/air combustion characteristics is necessary. In the literature, numerous ammonia reaction models can be found, but most of them failed to demonstrate good combustion characteristics with NH3/H2/air mixtures. A new NH3/H2/air reaction model is suggested or proposed in the present work by referring to the previously available literature. The newly proposed reaction model consists of 32 species and 259 reactions. Model validation for laminar flame speed and ignition delay time at different operating conditions are performed in this study using the newly proposed reaction mechanism. Also, an extensive chemical kinetic modeling for heat release rate, flame speed and OH sensitivity analysis, reaction pathway analysis, and NOx emission characteristics of NH3/H2/air mixture is studied. The results show that the proposed reaction model closely follows the experimental trends, and lesser inconsistency is observed than the other reaction models compared in this study. All referenced reaction models used in the present work for comparison shows large discrepancies with experimental results of NH3/H2/air combustion, especially more discrepancies are observed at higher hydrogen enrichment conditions. Hydrogen enrichment positively affects the heat release rate intensity and flame speed of NH3/air mixture. Through the addition of hydrogen, the burning velocity of ammonia can be increased up to the level of hydrocarbon fuels, and the combination of ammonia and hydrogen blend can be used as an effective industrial fuel.

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Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures

Cited by 101 publications

References 47 publications

A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Recent Combustion Strategies in Gas Turbines for Propulsion and Power Generation toward a Zero-Emissions Future: Fuels, Burners, and Combustion Techniques

Chemical kinetic analysis on influence of hydrogen enrichment on the combustion characteristics of ammonia air using newly proposed reaction model

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