“…In this article, the morphing application on ZANKA-I fixed-wing UAV refers to an alteration of its wingtip dihedral angle, between 0 70 degrees, by means of folding from a 100 mm spanwise distance from the wingtips, as illustrated in Figure 2, where dihedral angle is represented as Γ. Geometrically, higher values of wingtip dihedral angle result in smaller wing span (m), b, wing area (m 2 ), S, and wing aspect ratio, AR, as might be expected. Furthermore, the effective dihedral angle, effective diherdal angle (EDA), of the entire wing alters, which can be calculated from equations (3) and (4) for multi-dihedral wings, where г is dihedral angle in degrees, f is unitless moment fraction and η is dihedral-break station in percent wing-span location (Oktay and Eraslan, 2022): …”