Abstract:The CO 2 -brine dissolution homogenizes the distribution of residual CO 2 and reduces the leakage risk in the saline aquifer. As a key parameter to immobilize the free CO 2 , the dissolution rate of CO 2 -brine could be accelerated through mechanisms like diffusion and dispersion, which are affected by the subsurface condition, pore structure, and background hydrological flow. This study contributed the calculated dissolution rates of both gaseous and supercritical CO 2 during brine imbibition at a pore-scale. The flow development and distribution in porous media during dynamic dissolution were imaged in two-dimensional visualization using X-ray microtomography. The fingerings branching and expansion resulted in greater dissolution rates of supercritical CO 2 with high contact between phases, while the brine bypassed the clusters of gaseous CO 2 with a slower dissolution and longer duration due to the isolated bubbles. The dissolution rate of supercritical CO 2 was about two or three orders of magnitude greater than that of gaseous CO 2 , while the value distributions both spanned about four orders of magnitude. The dissolution rates of gaseous CO 2 increased with porosity, but the relationship was the opposite for supercritical CO 2 . CO 2 saturation and the Reynolds number were analyzed to characterize the different impacts on gaseous and supercritical CO 2 at different dissolution periods.