Stability-based classification for ankle fracture management and the syndesmosis injury in ankle fractures due to a supination external rotation mechanism of injury

Abstract

To cite this article: Harri Pakarinen (2012) Stability-based classification for ankle fracture management and the syndesmosis injury in ankle fractures due to a supination external rotation mechanism of injury, Acta Orthopaedica, 83:sup347, 1-31,

Complications in ankle fracture surgery

“…The authors Review of the literature noted that a stability based classification system could be prognostic as well as guide in decision-making (Michelson et al 2007). These findings were further emphasized in a recent doctoral thesis (Pakarinen 2012). Unimalleolar fractures are usually stable, and can often be treated nonoperatively (Pakarinen et al 2011a, Pakarinen 2012).…”

“…Unimalleolar fractures are usually stable, and can often be treated nonoperatively (Pakarinen et al 2011a, Pakarinen 2012). However, bi-and trimalleolar fractures are unstable injuries, and are normally treated by operative means (Michelson et al 2007, Pakarinen 2012 (Figure 1). …”

“…However, the results were far from satisfactory, and starting from the 1970's, the greatest emphasis was put on the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation of the lateral malleolus (DeSouza et al 1985). Year 2014, operative treatment of ankle fractures is based on the stability of the ankle joint (Michelson et al 2007, Gougoulias et al 2010, Pakarinen et al 2011a, Pakarinen 2012.…”

Complications in ankle fracture surgery

“…However, neither of these systems can really aid in decision-making whether to operate or not (Gardner et al 2006, Haraguchi andArmiger 2009). It has been shown that stable ankle fractures can be treated conservatively with excellent results (Yde and Kristensen 1980, Ryd and Bengtsson 1992, Bauer et al 1985, Kristensen and Hansen 1985, Bauer et al 1987, Michelson 1995, Michelson et al 2007, van den Bekerom et al 2009, Pakarinen 2012, and recently a classification system based on ankle fracture stability was reported (Michelson et al 2007). The authors Review of the literature noted that a stability based classification system could be prognostic as well as guide in decision-making (Michelson et al 2007).…”

Internal fixation of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Syndesmotic injuries were commonly encountered clinical conditions since they occurred in isolation or associated with fibular fractures [35,36]. Recently, many controversies have emerged in various aspects of syndesmotic fixation [19].…”