Stability and virucidal efficacies using powder and liquid forms of fresh charcoal ash and slaked lime against Newcastle disease virus and Avian influenza virus

Abstract

Aim: The present study was examined the virucidal activity comparison between fresh charcoal ash (FCA) and slaked lime (SL) against avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), using powder and liquid forms, either in the absence or presence of organic materials. In addition, both FCA and SL were evaluated for the persistence of virucidal activity in wet and dry conditions and stability of the solution. Materials and Methods: Two hundred milligrams of FCA or SL powders were mixed with 100 μl of AIV or NDV in the absence of organic material or 33% of organic materials. In the same time, 400 μl of 1%, 5%, or 10% solution samples were mixed with 100 μl of each virus and then incubated at room temperature for an indicated time. After that, the mixed solution was stop activity of sample using 500 μl of 1M Tris-HCl pH 7.2. Each treatment was titrated onto Madin-Darby canine kidney cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts for AIV or NDV, respectively, for determining the efficacy of viral inactivation. In addition, the stability of powder under the wet-dry condition and solution stability under room temperature was examined. Results: The results demonstrated that the FCA and SL in powder form could inactivate AIV and NDV even in the absence or presence of organic materials. In the liquid form, 5% and 10% of FCA could inactivate AIV and NDV either in the absence or presence of organic materials. Alongside, 1%, 5%, and 10% of SL could inactivate both viruses. 10% of FCA solution could inactivate virus at a shortest time when compared with other concentrations. In addition, the efficacy of wet-dry conditions of FCA was limited when compared with SL. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that the FCA solution was more stable and kept at room temperature longer than SL. Conclusion: The FCA may, hence, be used as an alternative virucide, while applying it to prevent spreading of poultry disease on commercial chicken farms and also backyard chickens, especially in developing countries, including in rural areas of Thailand.

Efficacy of Liming Forest Soil in the Context of African Swine Fever Virus

“…While blood may reduce the efficacy on peracetic acid performance [11], lime was shown to be effective in in the presence of blood, decomposition material or other disruptive substances [27]. Powdery slaked lime and powdery quicklime are commonly used for the disinfection of poultry farms in case of avian influenza virus [28,29]. Lime milk is the disinfectant of choice in the elimination of the infectivity of contaminated slurry [30,31] or ponds [14,31].…”

Sensitivity of RNA viral nucleic acid-based detection of avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and African horse sickness virus on flinders technology associates card using conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction

“…The AI virus (AIV) with low pathogenicity, namely, A/Duck/Asiancountry/2004 H9N2, and highly virulent ND virus (NDV), namely, NDV/chicken/ Aseancountry/2013 [10], used in this study were provided by Prof. Thaweesak Songserm (Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Midicine, Kasetsart University). These viruses were propagated in 9-day-old chicken embryonic eggs.…”

Suitability of litter amendments for the Australian chicken meat industry

“…Quicklime reacts with water to produce heat and hydrated lime (Maguire et al 2006). Quicklime and hydrated lime have been shown to inactivate foodborne pathogens (Bennett et al 2003;Stringfellow et al 2010) and several viruses such as influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (Ruenphet et al 2019) by increasing alkalinity to a pH 12 or above and reducing water activity in treated litter (Maguire et al 2006;Alphin et al 2009).…”