Stability and storage characteristics of enzymes in sheep blood

Jones, Douglas

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31800-9

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The dynamics and magnitude of changes in metabolite values largely correspond to previous studies that examined the stability of samples in different populations of animals and humans [8,13,14,19,20,26,30,35,38,39]. Shimizu and Ichihara [36] examined the stability of samples at six temperature regimes and showed that each analyte has a specific pattern of stability at different temperatures, but the dynamics of changes in analyte values over time are similar in different temperature regimes, with which our results agree.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Kovačević

Cincović

Belić

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Measuring metabolic parameters in the blood has been an indispensable tool for assessing the productive and health status of dairy cows for more than 100 years. The values of laboratory parameters depend on various preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical factors. The most important preanalytical factors are sample transport time and temperature, hemolysis, anticoagulant type, and sample volume.Preanalytical factors can lead to reduced stability of the analyte in the sample, which changes their concentration. Loss of stability changes the time of storage and manipulation of the sample, which determines the criteria for its acceptance or rejection. The two stability indicators are stability limit and maximum permissible instability. A stability limit (SL) is defined as the period of time in which a property variation does not exceed a maximum permissible instability (MPI). The aim of this study was to determine the SL and MPI for each analyte in the blood serum of cows and to determine whether SL differs in the function of the presence of preanalytical errors in the blood sample.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred samples of dairy cow origin in different periods of lactation participated in this research. They were classified into 6 groups of 50 samples: according to the time from sampling to processing in the laboratory (0-4 h, 4-8 h and over 8 h; all transported on dry ice, protected from environmental factors, without preanalytical errors) and according to the presence of preanalytical errors (group with hemolysis, a group transported at ambient temperature and a group with a small sample volume). Each sample was aliquoted in two portions. One portion was left at +4°C and tested once a day for 6 days of sample storage, and the second portion, placed at -20 °C, was tested once a month for 6 months. The MPI had a value ranging from 1.55 to 8.4. Metabolic profile analytes with lower MPI values (1.51-3.22) were albumin (ALB), total protein (TPROT), UREA, glucose (GLU), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Higher MPI values (5.1-8.3) were found for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutirate (BHB), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TGC), total bilirubin (TBIL) and aspartat aminotransferase (AST). For most parameters, we can conclude that their PD% changed faster in storage conditions at +4 °C compared to the regime of -20 °C. The largest number of biochemical analytes in bovine blood serum shows preserved stability in the first 6 days at +4°C or 6 months at -20°C if transported to the laboratory within 8 h after sampling in ideal conditions and without the action of preanalytical errors. Prolonged transport under ideal conditions or the existence of preanalytical errors such as transport at room temperature, hemolysis or small sample volume shorten the stability of the ALB, NEFA, GLU, UREA and P. Concentration of all analytesdecreasesduring the stability test except for UREA, NEFA, BHB and for CHOL and TGC in some groups. Variations in parameters such as BHB, NEFA, TBIL, AST, and Ca have shown potential clinical significance. At storage conditions at +4°C, clinically significant variations at at least one measurement point were found for AST (7.5% of samples), BHB (6.1% of samples), NEFA (9.9% of samples) and for TBIL (in 7% of samples).Discussion: This study can help define acceptable delay times and storage conditions for bovine blood samples, which is of great importance because in working with farm animals it is often not possible to take samples in a short time and deliver them to the laboratory, and samples are often burdened with certain preanalytical errors with limited possibilities of re-sampling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Kovačević

Cincović

Belić

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Release of these analytes from erythrocytes and leucocytes as a result of transmembrane leakage or cell lysis prior to separation of serum may have occurred. Leakage of analytes from platelets following separation is an alternative explanation and has been observed to occur in human, ovine and murine serum (Friedel and Mattenheimer 1970;Caisey and King 1980;Jones 1985a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of common biochemistry analytes in equine blood stored at room temperature

Rendle¹,

Heller

Hughes

et al. 2009

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Delays in processing equine blood resulted in significant increases in measured concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bile acids and magnesium. A significant decrease in concentration was identified for glucose (serum and oxalate fluoride preserved plasma). Separation of serum immediately following clot formation resulted in nonsignificant increases in accuracy for some analytes. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Delays in processing of blood samples may result in biochemical changes of clinical relevance in individual cases; however, in the majority of cases, where delays are only a few days and a number of analytes are assessed concurrently, delays are unlikely to have an effect on the interpretation of results. Separation of serum following clot formation is of limited benefit. Clinical samples in which a delay in processing has occurred may be interpreted with reference to the data presented.

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“…ALDOC serum levels are reported to be stable up to three weeks in sheep and bovine blood, but decrease over 28 days after controlled cortical contusion in rat. 47,92,93 ALDOC proteolysis by calpain or cathepsin produces a 38 kD ALDOC fragment on later post-injury days. [94][95][96] In contrast, GFAP proteolysis by calpains or caspases produces massive enzymatic degradation into several fragments that are reported in CSF from patients with various neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Astroglial Neurotrauma Biomarkers Have Kinetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

New astroglial injury-defined biomarkers for neurotrauma assessment

Halford

Shen

Itamura

et al. 2017

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expanding public health epidemic with pathophysiology that is difficult to diagnose and thus treat. TBI biomarkers should assess patients across severities and reveal pathophysiology, but currently, their kinetics and specificity are unclear. No single ideal TBI biomarker exists. We identified new candidates from a TBI CSF proteome by selecting trauma-released, astrocyte-enriched proteins including aldolase C (ALDOC), its 38kD breakdown product (BDP), brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), astrocytic phosphoprotein (PEA15), glutamine synthetase (GS) and new 18-25kD-GFAP-BDPs. Their levels increased over four orders of magnitude in severe TBI CSF. First post-injury week, ALDOC levels were markedly high and stable. Short-lived BLBP and PEA15 related to injury progression. ALDOC, BLBP and PEA15 appeared hyper-acutely and were similarly robust in severe and mild TBI blood; 25kD-GFAP-BDP appeared overnight after TBI and was rarely present after mild TBI. Using a human culture trauma model, we investigated biomarker kinetics. Wounded (mechanoporated) astrocytes released ALDOC, BLBP and PEA15 acutely. Delayed cell death corresponded with GFAP release and proteolysis into small GFAP-BDPs. Associating biomarkers with cellular injury stages produced astroglial injury-defined (AID) biomarkers that facilitate TBI assessment, as neurological deficits are rooted not only in death of CNS cells, but also in their functional compromise.

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Stability and storage characteristics of enzymes in sheep blood

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Stability of common biochemistry analytes in equine blood stored at room temperature

New astroglial injury-defined biomarkers for neurotrauma assessment

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