Stability and inhibition of anaerobic processes caused by insufficiency or excess of ammonia nitrogen

Procházka, Jindřich; Dolejš, Petr; Máca, Josef; Dohányos, M.

doi:10.1007/s00253-011-3625-4

Cited by 219 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…AD is the most efficient practice for the management of PM because of the renewable biogas energy it provides and because of the suitability of the digested matter as a fertilizer for planting (Walsh et al 2012;Xie et al 2012;Giuliano et al 2013;Muller et al 2013). However, the C/N ratio of PM is within the range of 9.8 to 14.5 (Zhang et al 2014a), which often leads to ammonia inhibition (Krylova et al 1997;Hansen et al 1998;Procházka et al 2012;Wang et al 2012b;Niu et al 2014) because free ammonia molecules passively diffuse into cells, which causes a proton imbalance and/or a potassium deficiency that inhibits the growth of methanogens (Chen et al 2008). To dilute toxic compounds, it is essential to maintain a proper C/N ratio (20 to 30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, ammonia inhibition usually happens when the pH is above 7.4 and the TAN is between 1,500 and 3,000 mg/L, whereas inhibition will occur irrespective of pH when the TAN concentration exceeds 3,000 mg/L (Walker et al 2011). According to Procházka et al (2012), the optimal TAN concentration for methanogens is 2,100 mg/L in the AD of PM, and the highest concentration that methanogens can tolerate is 4,200 mg/L.…”

Section: Ph and Ammonia Nitrogen Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increase of OLR, the microbe in the digestion of DMS needed more nitrogen as a nutrient to degrade more substrate, but DMS characterized by the high C/N ratio could not provide enough nitrogen. According to Procházka et al (2012), when the ammonia nitrogen concentration was lower than 500 mg/L, microorganisms were unable to acquire enough ammonia as a nutrient. So the insufficient of nitrogen might be the main reason for the decrease of TAN.…”

Section: Ph and Ammonia Nitrogen Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure with Dried Maize Straw

et al. 2016

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The anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure (PM) with dried maize straw (DMS) was studied at 35 °C with a volatile solid (VS) ratio (VSPM/VSDMS) of 1:2 in a continuously stirred tank reactor, and the digestions of mono-PM and mono-DMS were evaluated under the same conditions. The organic loading rates (OLRs) of 2, 3, and 4 g VS/L/d were studied and found to correspond to hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 60, 40, and 30 d, respectively. Under the condition of long HRT and low OLR, PM could be degraded completely. The co-digestion of PM with DMS showed the most stable performance in TAN, whereas TAN in mono-PM increased with the increase of OLR. The specific methane yield (SMY) did not have a linear correlation with OLR, since HRT changed with different OLR. The maximum average SMY in the co-digestion reactor was 272 mL/g VS-fed at an OLR of 3 g VS/L/d and an HRT of 40 d. The SMY in mono-DMS digestion was the lowest and it decreased with the increase of OLR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ph and Ammonia Nitrogen Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ph and Ammonia Nitrogen Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure with Dried Maize Straw

et al. 2016

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“…On hydrolysis this releases ammoniacal nitrogen which, although essential for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, can lead to free ammonia concentrations that are inhibitory to the digestion process. The ammonia inhibits the methanogenic archaea, in particular the acetoclastic methanogens (Kayhanian, 1999, Chen et al, 2008, Liu and Sung, 2002, Prochazka et al, 2012, Angelidaki and Ahring, 1993. The result is operational instability, a decrease in biogas production, and in the worst cases failure of digestion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ammonia removal in food waste anaerobic digestion using a side-stream stripping process

Serna‐Maza

Heaven

Banks

2014

Bioresource Technology

111

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Three 35-L anaerobic digesters fed on source segregated food waste were coupled to side-stream ammonia stripping columns and operated semi-continuously over 300 days, with results in terms of performance and stability compared to those of a control digester without stripping. Biogas was used as the stripping medium, and the columns were operated under different conditions of temperature (55, 70, 85 ⁰C), pH (unadjusted and pH 10), and RT (2 to 5 days). To reduce digester TAN concentrations to a useful level a high temperature (≥70⁰C) and a pH of 10 were needed; under these conditions 48% of the TAN was removed over a 138-day period without any detrimental effects on digester performance. Other effects of the stripping process were an overall reduction in digestate organic nitrogen-containing fraction compared to the control and a recovery in the acetoclastic pathway when TAN concentration was 1770 ± 20 mg kg -1 . Keywords IntroductionThe source segregation, separate collection and subsequent anaerobic digestion of food waste can help to reduce the organic fraction of municipal solid waste for disposal and, in some cases, help governments to meet the targets of the EU Directive on the landfilling of waste (1999/31/EC). Importantly, it also offers a method of reclaiming potential energy in the waste in the form of a fuel gas, and opens up a route by which nutrients can be recycled back to land. This has advantages even compared to incineration for energy recovery, as the high moisture content of food waste negates much of the energy gain and in thermal processing most nutrients are lost. Digestion may therefore offer a more sustainable route to resource recovery compared to other waste treatment technologies that are less suited to dealing with this high moisture fraction. Anaerobic digestion of food waste is not without difficulties, however, mainly associated with its high protein content. On hydrolysis this releases ammoniacal nitrogen which, although essential for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, can lead to free ammonia concentrations that are inhibitory to the digestion process. The ammonia inhibits the methanogenic archaea, in particular the acetoclastic methanogens (Kayhanian, 1999, Chen et al., 2008, Liu and Sung, 2002, Prochazka et al., 2012, Angelidaki and Ahring, 1993. The result is operational instability, a decrease in biogas production, and in the worst cases failure of digestion. To some extent these problems have been resolved at mesophilic temperatures through stimulation of the hydrogenotrophic metabolic pathway by the addition of selenium and cobalt, both of which are commonly deficient in food waste (Climenhaga and Banks, 2008). This strategy has allowed stable digestion of food waste at high organic loading rates (OLR) (> 5 kg VS m -3 day -1 ) and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) concentrations > 6 g l -1 (Banks et al., 2012). At temperatures in the thermophilic range the toxic threshold is reduced as the equilibrium moves towards free ammonia, and under these conditions trace e...

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“…After 9 days, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the thermal and alkaline-thermal pretreatments exceeded those in the other two pretreatments, and the difference gradually increased, which was related to high methanogenic activity (high daily methane yield). Although ammonia provides nitrogen for bacterial growth (Strik et al 2006) and buffering capacity (Procházka et al 2012) during anaerobic digestion, high ammonia concentrations may have caused severe inhibition of methanogenesis. Ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 1500 to 7000 mg kg -1 inhibit methanogenesis, depending on the nature of the substrate, inoculum, temperature, pH, and acclimation period (Rajagopal et al 2013).…”

Section: Fig 2 Changes In the Concentration Of A) Ammonia Nitrogen mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Alkaline-Thermal Pretreatment on High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Dewatered Activated Sludge

Guo¹,

Du²,

Ji³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The influence of alkaline (23.77 mg NaOH/g total solid), thermal (134.95 °C), and combined alkaline-thermal pretreatment on parameters of dewatered activated sludge (DAS) during high-solids anaerobic digestion was investigated. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), soluble proteins, and VFAs (volatile fatty acids) concentrations were significantly higher (by two-fold) in pretreated DAS samples than in the control. During subsequent anaerobic digestion, the concentrations first increased and then decreased. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) decreased by 28.40% to 40.92%, and ammonia nitrogen accumulated during anaerobic digestion. For the alkaline, thermal, and alkalinethermal pretreatments, daily methane yield significantly increased in midanaerobic digestion and cumulative methane yield (CMY) increased by 9.92, 35.25, and 52.95%, respectively, relative to the control. There were clear synergistic effects of alkaline-thermal pretreatment, resulting in a 17.20% increase in CMY compared with the sum of the separate alkaline and thermal pretreatments. Therefore, alkaline-thermal pretreatment was helpful for high-solids anaerobic digestion of DAS and was an effective pretreatment method. Gompertz model fitting to the CMY curve produced determination coefficients (R 2 ) greater than 0.9931 for all pretreatments, which was better than for a first-order kinetic model fitting curve.

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Stability and inhibition of anaerobic processes caused by insufficiency or excess of ammonia nitrogen

Cited by 219 publications

References 25 publications

Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure with Dried Maize Straw

Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure with Dried Maize Straw

Ammonia removal in food waste anaerobic digestion using a side-stream stripping process

Influence of Alkaline-Thermal Pretreatment on High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Dewatered Activated Sludge

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