Stability Analysis of a Planar Multiple-Beam Circuit for &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$W$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;-Band High-Power Extended-Interaction Klystron

Lü, Suye; Zhang, Changqing; Wang, Shuzhong; Wang, Yong

doi:10.1109/ted.2015.2435031

Cited by 51 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In W-band or terahertz (THz) klystrons, the extended interaction cavity is widely used, which has the advantages of a large power capacity and a high characteristic impedance. Related research includes W-band pencil beam EIAs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], W-band multi-beam EIAs [ 10 ], W-band sheet beam EIAs [ 11 ], G-band sheet beam EIAs [ 12 , 13 ], G-band pencil beam EIAs [ 14 , 15 ], and W-band tested EIKs [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In general, the sheet beam has a more uniform beam–wave interaction than the pencil beam, and the current density of the beam can be greatly decreased by the sheet beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Dong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In this paper, an angular radial extended interaction amplifier (AREIA) that consists of a pair of angular extended interaction cavities is proposed. Both the convergence angle cavity and the divergence angle cavity, which are designed for the converging beam and diverging beam, respectively, are investigated to present the potential of the proposed AREIA. They are proposed and explored to improve the beam–wave interaction capability of W-band extended interaction klystrons (EIKs). Compared to conventional radial cavities, the angular cavities have greatly decreased the ohmic loss area and increased the characteristic impedance. Compared to the sheet beam (0°) cavity, it has been found that the convergence angle cavity has a higher effective impedance and the diverging beam has a weaker space-charge effect under the same ideal electron beam area; the advantages become more obvious as the propagation distance increases. Particle-in-cell (PIC) results have shown that the diverging beam (8°) EIA performs better at an output power of 94 GHz under the condition of lossless, while the converging beam (−2°) EIA has a higher output power of 6.24 kW under the conditions of ohmic loss, an input power of 0.5 W, and an ideal electron beam of 20.5 kV and 1.5 A. When the loss increases and the beam current decreases, the output power of the −2° EIA can be improved by nearly 30% compared to the 0° EIA, and the −2° EIA has a greatly improved beam–wave interaction capacity than conventional EIAs under those conditions. In addition, an angular radial electron gun is designed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Dong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The power limitation imposed by crosssectional dimensions which shrink with wavelength can be overcome by using cavities and waveguides that are much larger than the wavelength in the transverse dimension due to operation in higher-order modes. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] By realizing the method of concentrating the axial field energy along the source's central axis within a large cavity, an oversized beam tunnel that can support efficient energy conversion between the intense electron beam and the high frequency field is designed. This overmoded structure has a far larger electron beam loading area than conventional structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of an overmoded structure for megawatt Ka-band extended interaction klystron

Zu,

Yuan,

et al. 2023

Physics of Plasmas

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For most applications in the millimeter wave band, corresponding to Ka and higher-frequency bands, relatively high atmospheric absorption necessitates the use of high-power sources. Here, a new approach for projecting an oversized beam tunnel in an overmoded structure by concentrating the axial field is demonstrated to meet the high-frequency and high-power demands of compact devices. Due to the enhanced intense beam loading capability of the interaction circuit, a six-cavity Ka-band extended interaction klystron with a four-coupling-hole disk-loaded structure is designed that can stably obtain high output power. An analysis of optimization tradeoffs from introducing high order modes for allowing the application of more powerful beams to improving high order mode field distribution for enhancing the electron-wave coupling and suppressing mode competition is reported. 3D particle-in-cell simulations show attainable output powers of 1.11 MW at 32.94 GHz with a saturated gain of 57 dB by injecting a 3.3 mm diameter electron beam with a current of 24 A.

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“…However, the propagation of the electromagnetic waves in the beam tunnel is difficult to be cut off completely, which causes the signal feedback between cavities and results in the undesired oscillation. Another potential approach is to use the multi-beam interaction system to reduce the current density of beams [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 0.3 THz Multi-Beam Extended Interaction Klystron Based on TM_10,1,0 Mode Coaxial Coupled Cavity

Lin

Xiao

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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A new conceive of high-order mode multi-beam Extended interaction Klystron (EIK) at the terahertz (THz) band is proposed. The interaction circuit based on the coaxial coupled cavity at TM10,1,0-2π mode is designed and analyzed. Benefiting from the larger transverse space of the coaxial coupled cavity operating at high-order mode, multiple electron beams are formatted to reduce the current density of each electron beam. The crucial parameters associated with the interaction are determined by theoretical calculation and optimized by three-dimensional (3D) Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation. The results of theoretical analysis and PIC simulation demonstrate that the EIK operates at TM10,1,0-2π mode without mode competition and self-oscillation. Driven by ten individual electron beams with the voltage of 20 kV, the current of 0.1 A and the current density of 318 A/cm 2 , the maximum gain of 48 dB is achieved at the center frequency of 300 GHz with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 200 MHz. And the corresponding output power and efficiency are 312.5 W and 1.56 %. The results indicate that the proposed EIK is a practical approach to generate high power terahertz waves using the thermal beam with a low compression ratio. INDEX TERMS Terahertz, extended interaction klystron, high-order mode, multi-beam, coaxial coupled cavity, PIC simulation.

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Stability Analysis of a Planar Multiple-Beam Circuit for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Band High-Power Extended-Interaction Klystron

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Study of an overmoded structure for megawatt Ka-band extended interaction klystron

A 0.3 THz Multi-Beam Extended Interaction Klystron Based on TM_10,1,0 Mode Coaxial Coupled Cavity

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Stability Analysis of a Planar Multiple-Beam Circuit for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Band High-Power Extended-Interaction Klystron

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

An Angular Radial Extended Interaction Amplifier at the W Band

Study of an overmoded structure for megawatt Ka-band extended interaction klystron

A 0.3 THz Multi-Beam Extended Interaction Klystron Based on TM10,1,0 Mode Coaxial Coupled Cavity

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Product

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A 0.3 THz Multi-Beam Extended Interaction Klystron Based on TM_10,1,0 Mode Coaxial Coupled Cavity