Stability abroad, instability at home? Changing UN peace operations and civil–military relations in Global South troop contributing countries

Kenkel, Kai Michael

doi:10.1080/13523260.2021.1883276

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Many of the more than 120 countries that have contributed peacekeepers in the past, including big contributors like Ethiopia, Rwanda, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan (United Nations Peacekeeping, 2020), may also come under domestic pressure to reduce troop numbers for financial and coronavirus risk-related reasons (Kenkel, 2021). The UN may consequently face a situation where it has much less funding and personnel available than in the past.…”

Section: Short-term Contraction: Adapting To Disruption Caused By Covmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of UN peace operations: Principled adaptation through phases of contraction, moderation, and renewal

Coning

2021

Contemporary Security Policy

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This article considers the future of UN peace operations through a complexity theory lens. In the short-term peacekeeping will have to adapt to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fallout of the Trump presidency. In the medium-term peacekeeping will go through a phase of uncertainty and turbulence due to geopolitical power shifts in the global order. In the longer-term peacekeeping will have to adapt to a new multipolar global order characterized by coexistence, and a changing security landscape shaped by, among others, climate change, urbanization, and new technologies. Throughout these contraction, moderation, and adjustment phases, UN peacekeeping is likely to be guided by a principled adaptive approach, that allows it to adapt to the realities of the moment whilst staying true to its core form and identity. As a result, UN peacekeeping is likely to remain one of the most visible symbols of global governance and international cooperation.

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Section: Short-term Contraction: Adapting To Disruption Caused By Covmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of UN peace operations: Principled adaptation through phases of contraction, moderation, and renewal

Coning

2021

Contemporary Security Policy

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“….] negatively affect civil–military relations in postcolonial sending countries” (Kenkel, 2021, p. 1). Although fostering democratic control over the military has never been a declared objective of Brazil’s contribution to peacekeeping, it certainly has been a latent aim (Kenkel, 2013a; Sotomayor, 2013).…”

Section: Challenging the Explanatory Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cunliffe's (2018) study on civil-military relations in Bangladesh, Fiji, and the Gambia found that peacekeeping helped consolidate military rule in Asia during the 1990s. In this sense, Kenkel (2021) contests the myth of the "democratic peacekeeper" in Brazil, whereas Sotomayor (2014, p. 189) highlights that peace operations "neither empowered diplomats nor increased civilian intervention in defense policies." Furthermore, Levin et al (2016) and Cunliffe (2018) argue that Asian authoritarian regimes have drawn on peacekeeping to bolster and maintain centralized rule.…”

Section: Peacekeeping Operations: Impacts On Domestic Policy and Tool...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engagement of Military Peacekeepers in Brazilian Politics (2011–2021)

Villa

Passos

2022

Armed Forces & Society

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Peacekeepers are seen as a UN tool for promoting domestic changes in host countries, but little is known about the political consequences when officers return home. During the last 10 years, Brazilian presidents appointed a significant number of former peacekeepers to key political functions. How and why do former peacekeepers end up so involved in government affairs? To answer this question, this paper focuses on the array of skills acquired by peacekeepers in domestic missions and reinforced abroad. Drawing on a set of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to military, former political decision-makers, and researchers, as well as other primary and secondary sources, this paper details how political articulation, experience in conflict management, and prestige empowered Brazilian military officers to resume their tradition of intervention in politics. This paper also shows that peace operations can produce deleterious outcomes for troop-contributing countries in the Global South.

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“…The balance of innovation and continuity in the responses chosen by the UN, states and their partners will be guided, de Coning argues, by the notion of principled adaptation. Kenkel's (2021) analysis inverts the focus from factors currently affecting the evolution of peace operations to the impact of that development on domestic politics in troop-contributing countries from the Global South. Kenkel challenges the notion of a "diversionary peace"-the idea that participation in peace operations by democratizing states is conducive to improvements in the quality of democracy there.…”

Section: The Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to the crisis in United Nations peace operations

Kenkel

Foley

2021

Contemporary Security Policy

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This special forum discusses the future trajectory of UN peace operations at a time many stakeholders and analysts consider to be one of crisis, contestation, or at the very least transition. The UN is facing difficulties in responding effectively to many of the world's worst recent conflicts, even where it has (or until recently had) operations. Even before COVID-19, the blue helmets were facing a period of serious retrenchment and budgetary constraints. Mission mandates have experienced a transformation, from the recent "robust turn" to the incorporation of stabilization mandates grounded in counterinsurgency/ counterterrorism doctrine. The crossroads of economic downturn, geopolitical realignment and continuous adaptation of peacekeeping practice provides the backdrop of the contributions to the special forum that follows. The analyses presented here not only accompany the ongoing evolution of the nexus of issues that constitute peacekeeping studies but also reflect the breadth and depth of the extensive attendant academic literature.

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Stability abroad, instability at home? Changing UN peace operations and civil–military relations in Global South troop contributing countries

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

The future of UN peace operations: Principled adaptation through phases of contraction, moderation, and renewal

The future of UN peace operations: Principled adaptation through phases of contraction, moderation, and renewal

Engagement of Military Peacekeepers in Brazilian Politics (2011–2021)

Responding to the crisis in United Nations peace operations

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