Stabilities, Electronic Structures, and Bonding Properties of 20-Electron Transition Metal Complexes (Cp)₂TMO and their One-Dimensional Sandwich Molecular Wires (Cp = C₅H₅, C₅(CH₃)H₄, C₅(CH₃)₅; TM = Cr, Mo, W)

Abstract

First-principles calculations have been carried out for the 20-electron transition metal complexes (Cp)2TMO and their molecular wires (Cp = C5H5, C5(CH3)­H4, C5(CH3)5; TM = Cr, Mo, W). The calculation results at the BP86/def2-TZVPP level reveal that the ground state is singlet and the optimized geometries are in good agreement with the experimental values. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals shows that two electrons in the highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO-1 are mainly localized on cyclopentadienyl and oxygen ligands. Furthermore, the nature of the TM–O bond was investigated with the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV). The attraction term in the intrinsic interaction energies ΔE int is mainly composed of two important parts, including electrostatic interaction (about 52% of the total attractive interactions ΔE elstat + ΔE orb) and orbital interaction, which might be the major determinant of the stability of these (Cp)2TMO complexes. All of the TM–O bonds should be described as electron-sharing σ single bonds [(Cp)2TM]+–[O]− with the contribution of 53–57% of ΔE orb and two π backdonations from the occupied p orbitals of oxygen ligands into vacant π* MOs of the [(Cp)2TM]+ fragments, which are 35–40% of ΔE orb. The results of bond order and interaction energy from EDA-NOCV calculations suggest the influence of the radius of TM and methyl in the interactions between TM and O in (Cp)2TMO. Additionally, the relativistic effects slightly amplify the strength of bonding with increasing ΔE orb for the EDA-NOCV calculations on three metal complexes (C5H5)2TMO. Finally, the geometries, electronic structures, and magnetics of infinitely extended systems, [(C5H5)­TMO]∞, have also been explored. The results of the density of states (DOS) and band structure revealed that [(C5H5)­CrO]∞ and [(C5H5)­WO]∞ are semiconductors with the narrow bands, whereas [(C5H5)­MoO]∞ behaves as metal.

Comparative Analysis of Nickel–Phosphine Complexes with Cumulated Double Bond Ligands: Structural Insights and Electronic Interactions via ETS-NOCV and QTAIM Approaches

“…For the EDA-NOCV (Energy Decomposition Analysis in combination with the Natural Orbitals of Chemical Valence methodology) calculations, the ADF part of the AMS 2023 software was used [ 38 ], employing the PBEPBE functional in combination with the triple- STO basis set for all atoms with one set of polarization functions (denoted as TZP) and a small frozen core. The EDA-NOCV method, also known as ETS-NOCV (where ETS stands for extended transition state), is an attractive method for studying metal–ligand interactions in a wide variety of complexes [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. For the Domain-averaged Fermi hole analyses, the WinFermi program was used [ 49 ].…”