Stabilisation of the carbamate acaricide promacyl in cattle dipping fluid

McDougall, K. W.; Machin, Michael V

doi:10.1002/ps.2780220404

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Carbamate acaricides (e.g., carbaryl and promacyl), like the organophosphates, are cholinesterase inhibitors and cross‐resistance with OPs limited their value. 10,11 The synthetic pyrethroids (SP) are a highly effective group of acaricides that includes such compounds as permethrin, decamethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and flumethrin. The prolonged residual effectiveness of these acaricides is perceived as a desirable attribute, but the characteristic of persistence can also be a disadvantage because it is likely to increase the rate of selection for acaricide resistance.…”

Section: Control Technology: Acaricidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future Technologies for Tick Control

George¹

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Arsenic dips were the first effective method for controlling ticks and tick‐borne diseases, and were used in many parts of the world for over 50 years before resistance to the chemical became a problem. Until organochlorine products became available about 1946 as alternatives to arsenic, significant losses occurred in cattle herds exposed to arsenic‐resistant tick strains. Since the discovery of organochlorines, virtually every chemical group of pesticides developed for the control of arthropods is represented among the list of products employed for the control of ticks on cattle. The evolution of tick resistance to acaricides has been a major determinant of the need for new products. The variety of procedures for treating animals with acaricides ranges from dipping cattle to injecting systemic acaricides, but regardless of the treatment method used, producers need to know and follow proper application procedures to derive maximum benefits. The possibility of stocking with cattle breeds that acquire pronounced resistance to ticks or using recombinant antigen antitick vaccines are the most promising alternatives to acaricides. Most ranchers depend completely on acaricides to control ticks, but do not have access to guidelines on how to make a profit from their tick control program or how to detect and resolve problems with resistance to acaricides. Extension programs are needed to help ranchers manage animal health problems, including how to control ticks and tick‐borne diseases.

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Section: Control Technology: Acaricidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future Technologies for Tick Control

George¹

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…carbaryl and promacyl), like the organophosphates, function by inhibiting the target's cholinesterase, but they have very low mammalian and dermal toxicity. Unfortunately, the value of carbamates for the control of ticks was limited because of their cross-resistance with organophosphates (Roulston et al 1968 ;Schuntner, Schnitzerling & Roulston, 1972 ;McDougall & Machin, 1988). Resistance to organophosphates and carbamates has eliminated or minimized their usefulness in Australia, much of Africa and parts of Latin America (Kunz & Kemp, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides

2004

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Toward the end of the nineteenth century a complex of problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle created a demand for methods to control ticks and reduce losses of cattle. The discovery and use of arsenical solutions in dipping vats for treating cattle to protect them against ticks revolutionized tick and tick-borne disease control programmes. Arsenic dips for cattle were used for about 40 years before the evolution of resistance of ticks to the chemical, and the development and marketing of synthetic organic acaricides after World War II provided superior alternative products. Most of the major groups of organic pesticides are represented on the list of chemicals used to control ticks on cattle. Unfortunately, the successive evolution of resistance of ticks to acaricides in each chemical group with the concomitant reduction in the usefulness of a group of acaricides is a major reason for the diversity of acaricides. Whether a producer chooses a traditional method for treating cattle with an acaricide or uses a new method, he must recognize the benefits, limitations and potential problems with each application method and product. Simulation models and research were the basis of recommendations for tick control strategies advocating approaches that reduced reliance on acaricides. These recommendations for controlling ticks on cattle are in harmony with recommendations for reducing the rate of selection for acaricide resistance. There is a need to transfer knowledge about tick control and resistance mitigation strategies to cattle producers.

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“…Boophilus microplus, to enhanced degradation in cattle dips also has been recently reported (McDougall, 1988). Because of poor host protection observed in all these systems, there is considerable interest in the scientific community to investigate the enhanced microbial degradation of pesticides.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Prpmacyl An Acaricide Used To Control Thementioning

confidence: 98%

Factors influencing the enhanced microbial degradation of pesticides in soil

Somasundaram

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The degradation of eight pesticides was evaluated In a soil pretreated with their respective hydrolysis metabolites. 2,4-Dlchlorophenol, p-nltrophenol, and salicylic acid conditioned the soil for enhanced degradation of 2,4-dlchlorophenoxyacetlc acid (2,4-D), parathlon, and Isofenphos, respectively. Repeated application of carbofuran phenol, 2-lsopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrlmldlne, methyl phenyl sulfone, thlophenol, Isopropyl salicylate, and 2,4,5trlchlorophenol had no effect on the rate of degradation of their parent pesticides. Prior exposure of soil to 3,5,6-trlchloro-2-pyrldlnol resulted In Increased persistence of Its parent compound, chlorpyrlfos. Results Indicate that pesticide hydrolysis metabolites can affect the Induction or Inhibition of enhanced microbial degradation of some sollapplled pesticides.

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Stabilisation of the carbamate acaricide promacyl in cattle dipping fluid

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Present and Future Technologies for Tick Control

Present and Future Technologies for Tick Control

Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides

Factors influencing the enhanced microbial degradation of pesticides in soil

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