Stabilisation of lithiated graphite in an electrolyte based on ionic liquids: an electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy study

Holzapfel, Michael; Jost, Carsten; Prodi-Schwab, Anna; Krumeich, Frank; Würsig, Andreas; Buqa, Hilmi; Novák, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.01.030

Cited by 165 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The electrochemical characteristics of carbon electrodes using ionic liquids have also been studied. 10,11 These results showed that ionic liquids were capable of functioning as "non-flammable solvents" for electrolytes without the necessity for any conventional organic solvents. Especially, among the various series of ionic liquids, combinations of cyclic aliphatic or asymmetric quaternary ammonium cations and imide anions, such as N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (PP13-TFSI), are able to perform the role of the electrolyte solvent in Li/LiCoO 2 system cells as effectively as conventional organic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electrolytes Containing Ionic Liquids for Improved Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

Nakagawa

2015

Electrochemistry

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Ionic liquids are of interest for application in electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries, because of their non-flammability, thermal stability, and non-volatility. Electrolytes containing ionic liquids have therefore been used to improve the safety of lithium-ion cells. Both the liquid electrolyte and the gelled electrolyte, which was composed of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and LiBF 4 , were shown to have good thermal and electrochemical stability and to be applicable for use in lithium-ion cells with Li[Li 1/3 Ti 5/3 ]O 4 as the negative electrode active material. Electrolytes containing a mixture of organic solvents and N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide were also found to exhibit good discharge performance for use in lithium-ion cells and nonflammability for use as an electrolyte. Furthermore, it was found that graphite was able to perform in the electrolyte containing the ionic liquid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electrolytes Containing Ionic Liquids for Improved Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

Nakagawa

2015

Electrochemistry

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“…In addition, there are very few works testing metallic-lithium [20][21][22], while in the case of the graphite anode, there are numerous studies. In the latter case attention is focused on charging/discharging efficiency [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], SEM observations of the graphite surface [8, 14, 23-25, 27, 29-31] and EIS analysis [23,24,29,30,[32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in some papers, only the LiC 6 anode was studied [11,[23][24][25][27][28][29][30], while in others, the complete cell was tested [13,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. The additives improving Li and LiC 6 performance were usually tested in electrolytes based on cyclic carbonates or carbonate mixtures, exhibiting SEI forming properties by themselves.…”

Section: Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid electrolyte interphase formation on metallic lithium

Lewandowski

Swiderska‐Mocek

Waliszewski

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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Solutions of three salts (LiBF 4 , LiNTf 2 , LiPF 6 ) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), selected arbitrarily as a reference solvent, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The lithium surface in contact with LiPF 6 in NMP electrolyte was covered with a protective layer (SEI) which morphology comprise small particles (of ca. 0.2 μm in radius). This salt was selected for further studies. The impedance of the Li|(LiPF 6 in NMP+additive)|Li system was measured immediately after cell assembly and after galvanostatic charging/discharging. Fifteen different additives (10 wt.%) were used. The efficiency of individual additives was evaluated in terms of the Li|electrolyte system resistance (ΔR) or total cell impedance reduction, both deduced from EIS. Some of the additives were able to form the SEI layer and to reduce resistance/impedance of the Li| electrolyte interphase. In such cases, the lithium surface was covered with relatively uniform conglomerates, or regions separated by cracks, of ca. 1-2 μm in dimension.

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“…Salt liquids at room temperature, usually called room temperature ionic liquids or simply ionic liquids (IL), show considerable thermal stability, a wide liquid-phase range, non-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, and broad electrochemical stability [8][9][10]. Ionic liquids have been proposed as potential electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, mainly due to their nonvolatility and hence, non-flammability [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among ILs, those based on 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium [ [12,13,18,19,[21][22][23], as well as with graphite, LaSi 2 /Si and TiO 2 nanotube anodes [14,20,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids have been proposed as potential electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, mainly due to their nonvolatility and hence, non-flammability [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among ILs, those based on 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium [ [12,13,18,19,[21][22][23], as well as with graphite, LaSi 2 /Si and TiO 2 nanotube anodes [14,20,24,25]. Recently, ionic liquids based on imidazolium and piperidinium cations with vinyl or allyl groups and [NTf 2 − ] anion are of great interest as co-solvents for the Li-ion battery (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 and LiFePO 4 ) [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of LiMn2O4 cathode in electrolyte based on ionic liquid with and without gamma-butyrolactone

Swiderska‐Mocek

2013

J Solid State Electrochem

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LiMn 2 O 4 was examined as a cathode material for the lithium-ion battery, working together with a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte, obtained by dissolution of solid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiNTf 2 ) in liquid N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide (MePrPyrNTf 2 ) with and without gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). The Li/LiMn 2 O 4 cell was tested by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging/ discharging, and with impedance spectroscopy. In the cyclic voltammograms for these electrolytes pairs of oxidation current peaks and reduction current peaks for the cathode are distinct, revealing typical characteristics of two-stage reversible-phase transformation of the spinel. The LiMn 2 O 4 cathode showed good cyclability and Coulombic efficiency (126 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles) working together with 0.7 M LiNTf 2 in MePrPyrNTf 2 +10 wt%. GBL ionic liquid electrolyte. At the C/7and C/5 rates, the LiMn 2 O 4 showed stable capacities of 124 and 120 mAh g −1 , respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images of pristine electrodes and those taken after electrochemical cycling showed changes which may be interpreted as a result of solid electrolyte interphase formation. The 0.7 M LiNTf 2 in MePrPyrNTf 2 and 0.7 M LiNTf 2 in MePrPyrNTf 2 +10 wt%. GBL electrolytes have a greater thermal stability range (no peak is observed below 230°C).

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Stabilisation of lithiated graphite in an electrolyte based on ionic liquids: an electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy study

Cited by 165 publications

References 40 publications

Electrolytes Containing Ionic Liquids for Improved Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

Electrolytes Containing Ionic Liquids for Improved Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

Solid electrolyte interphase formation on metallic lithium

Properties of LiMn2O4 cathode in electrolyte based on ionic liquid with and without gamma-butyrolactone

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