“…Although rarely, stabbing headache can also occur secondarily to structural intra- or extracranial diseases resulting in focal irritation or damage of the nociceptive or pain modulation pathways, such as giant cell arteritis (47), pituitary tumors (48), meningiomas (49), ocular trauma (2), ischemic stroke (50), cavernous hemangioma of the frontal bone (51), herpetic zoster infection (52,53), Bell’s palsy (54), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (55), intracranial hemorrhage (9,10), and multiple sclerosis (56). Stabbing headaches have also been reported in systemic autoimmune disorders including Sjögren’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease, autoimmune vasculitis, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (57).…”